Temporal Release and Denature of Several Mediators in Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma and Temperature-Induced Platelet Lysates Derived from a Similar Bovine Platelet Concentrate

Abstract

There is scarce information about bovine platelet-rich plasma/platelet-rich gel (PRP/PRG) and related hemocomponents (HCs), such as platelet lysates (PLs), including growth factor (GF) and cytokine concentrations, and how the stability of these biomolecules could be affected by time and temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the release and stability of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) contained in bovine pure PRP (P-PRP) and temperature-induced PL (TIPL) coming from a similar platelet concentrate (PC) at 4 and 37°C at 3 and 96 h. Platelet concentrates (PCs) presented a 1.7-fold concentration of platelets (PLTs) with negligible counts of white blood cells (WBCs) when compared to the counts for these cells in whole blood. TGF-β1 concentrations were significantly lowest in plasma followed by TIPL, chemical-induced PL (CIPL), and P-PRP. IL-4 and TNF-α concentrations did not differ between HCs. TGF-β1 concentrations were negatively affected in P-PRPs stored at 4°C at 3 and 96 h, whereas those from P-PRP maintained at 37°C presented similar concentrations to TIPL stored at both temperatures over time. IL-4 and TNF-α concentrations were not affected by time or temperature in any of the HCs evaluated. Pure PRGs released additional quantities of GF and cytokines over time when compared with HCs stored over 96 h at 4 and 37°C. The method, either chemical or physical, used for platelet activation or damage produces a different GF and cytokine release pattern, which makes to each evaluated HCs different despite they come from a similar bovine PC. P-PRP activated with calcium gluconate and maintained at 37°C, which polymerizes in P-PRG, showed the best GF and cytokine release/denature profile compared with the rest of the HCs evaluated.

Short-Term Effects of Two COX-2 Selective Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Release of Growth Factors and Cytokines from Canine Platelet-Rich Gel Supernatants

“…At this point, it is necessary to clarify that the gold standard (anionic detergent) is commonly used to demonstrate GF enrichment [ 26 ] produced significantly lower TGF-β 1 concentrations in CIPLs than in TIPLs. This finding was similar to a previous bovine blood study, in which the concentrations of this GF were significantly lower in CIPLs when compared to TIPLs [ 29 ], suggesting that this substance may cause selective chemical denaturation of some GFs, since PDGF-BB concentrations in the present study were similar between CIPLs and TIPLs.…”

“…Currently, both TIPL and PRP/PRG are hemocomponents mainly used for cell culture and therapeutic purposes, respectively. However, the major difference between TIPL and PRP/PRG is that this latter hemocomponent has living cells at the time of the injection [ 28 ], whereas the TIPL is a rich source of mediators without living cells and with varying degrees of cell debris [ 29 ].…”

“…The results of this hemocomponent factor effect study differed from those of Gallego et al [ 41 ], who found no significant differences in IL-10 levels between PRP and plasma, although in a human PRP study, differences were found in the levels of this cytokine between PRP and serum [ 42 ]. However, the most important finding related to the effect of the hemocomponent factor in the present study was the fact that IL-10 concentrations were better preserved in CI-PLs than in TIPLs, which could indicate that extreme temperature changes may denature this cytokine [ 29 ].…”