Temporal reproduction: A paradigm indicating a 3‐s time window

Mu, Nan; Zhang, Dongxue; Zhao, Chen

doi:10.1002/pchj.597

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Experiment 3 showed two clusters up to 3 s and beyond 3 s. Ample evidence has been collected about a pre-semantic time window of approximately 3 s that underlies cognitive processes as a logistic function (Bao et al, 2015;Pöppel, 1997Pöppel, , 2009Zhou et al, 2014). Using the reproduction paradigm (Mu et al, 2022), behavioral experiments with healthy adult subjects (Pöppel, 1971/72) or children (Szelag et al, 2002), with brain injured patients (Kagerer et al, 2002;von Steinbüchel et al, 1996) or autistic children (Szelag et al, 2004), and electrophysiological studies (Chen et al, 2015;Elbert et al, 1991;Wang et al, 2016) have substantiated the functionality of a time window of approximately 3 s. Thus, the data obtained in Experiment 3 support, on the one hand, the notion of this time window and, on the other hand, furthermore provide an explanation of the two clusters in serial dependence as one is dealing with two different neural processes.…”

Section: The Dependency Of Serial Dependence On Delay Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Serial dependence in timing at the perceptual level being modulated by working memory

Chen,

Wang,

Bao

2023

PsyCh Journal

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Recent experiences bias the perception of following stimuli, as has been verified in various kinds of experiments in visual perception. This phenomenon, known as serial dependence, may reflect mechanisms to maintain perceptual stability. In the current study, we examined several key properties of serial dependence in temporal perception. Firstly, we examined the source of the serial dependence effect in temporal perception. We found that perception without motor reproduction is sufficient to induce the sequential effect; motor reproduction caused a stronger effect and is achieved by biasing the perception of the future target duration rather than directly influencing the subsequent movement. Secondly, we ask how working memory influences serial dependence in a temporal reproduction task. By varying the delay time between standard duration and the reproduction, we showed that the strength of serial dependence is enhanced as the delay increased. Those features of serial dependence are consistent with what has been observed in visual perceptual tasks, for example, orientation perception or location perception. The similarities between the visual and the timing tasks may suggest a similar neural coding mechanism of magnitude between the visual stimuli and the duration.

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Section: The Dependency Of Serial Dependence On Delay Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Serial dependence in timing at the perceptual level being modulated by working memory

Chen,

Wang,

Bao

2023

PsyCh Journal

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“…Ample evidence has been collected about a pre-semantic time window of approximately 3 seconds that underlies cognitive processes as a logistic function (Bao et al, 2015; Pöppel, 1997, 2009; Zhou et al 2014). Using the reproduction paradigm (Mu et al, 2022) behavioral experiments with healthy adult subjects (Pöppel 1971/72) or children (Szelag et al, 2002), with brain injured patients (Kagerer et al, 2002; von Steinbüchel et al, 1996) or autistic children (Szelag et al, 2004), and electrophysiological studies (Chen et al, 2015; Elbert et al, 1991; Wang et al, 2016) have substantiated the functionality of a time window of approximately 3 seconds. Thus, the data obtained in experiment 3 support on the one hand the notion of this time window and on the other hand furthermore provide an explanation of the two clusters in serial dependence as one is dealing with two different neural processes.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Central Tendency and Serial Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Serial dependence in timing at the perceptual level being modulated by working memory

Shuai

Wang

Bao

2022

Preprint

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Recent experiences bias the perception of following stimuli, as has been verified in various kinds of experiments in visual perception. This phenomenon, known as serial dependence, may reflect mechanisms to maintain perceptual stability. In the current study, we examined several key properties of serial dependence in temporal perception. Firstly, we examined the source of serial dependence effect in temporal perception. We found that perception without motor reproduction is sufficient to induce the sequential effect; the motor reproduction caused a stronger effect and it is achieved by biasing the perception of the future target duration rather than directly influences the subsequent movement. Secondly, we ask how the working memory influences serial dependence in the in a temporal reproduction task. By varying the delay time between standard duration and the reproduction, we showed that the strength of serial dependence enhanced as the delay increased. Those features of serial dependence are consistent with what has been observed in the visual perceptual tasks, for example, orientation perception or location perception. The similarities between the visual and the timing tasks may suggest a similar neural coding mechanism of magnitude between the visual stimuli and the duration.

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“…With this perspective, time has been treated as a cognitive content, namely how we perceive durations. Various paradigms have been developed, such as duration comparison, production, estimation, and reproduction (Mu et al, 2023 ; Pöppel, 1972 ; Szelag et al, 2002 ), and many previous studies have employed these paradigms with various modifications. One study that varied the temporal structure in the reproduction paradigm revealed an intriguing finding (Pöppel, 1973 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first, what attracted the most attention was the long plateau after a certain length of pause duration, which is considered to be a stable subjective perception of a duration. Such a subjective set‐point is always longer than the actual duration when the latter is shorter than about 3 s (Mu et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal transition zone: A gradual approach to a subjective set‐point within the three‐second time window

Zhao,

Mu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

PsyCh Journal

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Even though in physics “time” is considered to be continuous, how the brain and mind deal with time might be different. It has been proposed that in cognition, time windows provide logistic platforms for information processing, such as the low‐frequency 3‐s time window. The following series of behavioral experiments may shed light on the dynamics within such a time window. Using a duration reproduction paradigm, we first replicated a pattern of reproduced duration observed in a previous single‐case study. Specifically, the reproduction increases as the pause between standard duration and reproduction increases, but only within the time window of some 3 s; when the pause goes beyond 4 s, the reproduction reaches a plateau of a subjective set‐point. This increasing phase is named the “temporal transition zone.” Three more experiments were performed to test the features of the transition zone as a low‐frequency time window. It is also observed with different standard durations (2, 3, 4.5 s, in Experiment 2), and even when the frequency of the auditory stimuli was different in standard and reproduction (300 Hz in standard duration and 400 Hz in reproduction, in Experiment 4). The transition zone was observed only with pause durations of 2 to 3 s; when the shortest pause duration was 5 s, the transition zone was no longer observed, and the reproduction was stable at the subjective set‐point (in Experiment 3). Taken together, we suggest that the temporal transition zone indicates a pre‐semantic logistic platform to organize and process the information flow; in such a time window of some 3 seconds, the identity of an ongoing event is substantiated, building the “subjective present.”

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Temporal reproduction: A paradigm indicating a 3‐s time window

Abstract: The experimental paradigm of temporal reproduction has provided unique insights into the temporal machinery of cognitive processes. Both behavioral observations and electrophysiological methods with this paradigm indicate a time window of some 3 s.

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Serial dependence in timing at the perceptual level being modulated by working memory

Serial dependence in timing at the perceptual level being modulated by working memory

Serial dependence in timing at the perceptual level being modulated by working memory

The temporal transition zone: A gradual approach to a subjective set‐point within the three‐second time window

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