Temporal retinal sensitivity in mesopic adaptation

Matesanz, BM; Issolio, Luis Alberto; Arranz, I.; Rosa, Cristina de la; Menéndez, José A.; Mar, S.; Aparicio, J. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00859.x

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…That particular target was surrounded by small bright spots, which may make target detection more difficult in a high luminance image due to the effect of disability glare, which has been mentioned in previous studies. 12,16,17 Targets appearing at the righthand side of the visual field (108, 208, 308 and 458), which had less complex surroundings, were easier to detect. Most of the subjects missed the more distant peripheral targets (À608 and 608), as expected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Contrast threshold measurements of peripheral targets in night-time driving images

Cengiz

Maksimainen

Puolakka

et al. 2015

Lighting Research & Technology

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Properly defining the visual adaptation field in night-time driving conditions is important in order to implement the CIE 191 system of mesopic photometry. In night-time driving, visual scenes include several objects with different luminances. The luminance distribution affects visual performance. In this study, contrast threshold measurements were conducted using simulated night-time driving images taken from a street illuminated by LED light sources. A large screen illuminated by three projectors, providing a visual field subtending 1808 Â448, was used to provide the background and target. Ten subjects (mean age 30 years) participated in the experiment. The subjects were asked to detect the targets appearing at different eccentricities (from À608 to 608). The results indicate that the target luminance and luminance distribution of the surrounding area affects peripheral target detection. Under similar luminance distributions, the contrast threshold values did not differ between circular 108 and 208 fields of view. The results support the importance of the area surrounding the road for the visual adaptation field.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[8][9][10][11][12] Analysis of peripheral target detection with different surroundings could indicate the effects of luminance distribution and target eccentricity on visual performance. Detecting objects on non-uniform backgrounds depends on the object's location and the luminance distribution of the background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast threshold measurements of peripheral targets in night-time driving images

Cengiz

Maksimainen

Puolakka

et al. 2015

Lighting Research & Technology

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“…A two-channel Maxwellian view optical system was employed, which was previously described elsewhere (Matesanz et al, 2011). Briefly, two concentric beams reach the observer’s pupil: a background beam (with luminance L b ) and a probe (with luminance ΔL ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same temporal sequence was used as in our previous study (Fig. 2b, Matesanz et al, 2011). The observer’s task was to report whether they detected the probe or not.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of background size, luminance and eccentricity on different adaptation mechanisms

et al. 2016

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Mechanisms of light adaptation have been traditionally explained with reference to psychophysical experimentation. However, the neural substrata involved in those mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Our study analyzed links between psychophysical measurements and retinal physiological evidence with consideration for the phenomena of rod-cone interactions, photon noise, and spatial summation. Threshold test luminances were obtained with steady background fields at mesopic and photopic light levels (i.e., 0.06–110 cd/m2) for retinal eccentricities from 0° to 15° using three combinations of background/test field sizes (i.e., 10°/2°, 10°/0.45°, and 1°/0.45°). A two-channel Maxwellian view optical system was employed to eliminate pupil effects on the measured thresholds. A model based on visual mechanisms that were described in the literature was optimized to fit the measured luminance thresholds in all experimental conditions. Our results can be described by a combination of visual mechanisms. We determined how spatial summation changed with eccentricity and how subtractive adaptation changed with eccentricity and background field size. According to our model, photon noise plays a significant role to explain contrast detection thresholds measured with the 1/0.45° background/test size combination at mesopic luminances and at off-axis eccentricities. In these conditions, our data reflect the presence of rod-cone interaction for eccentricities between 6° and 9° and luminances between 0.6 and 5 cd/m2. In spite of the increasing noise effects with eccentricity, results also show that the visual system tends to maintain a constant signal-to-noise ratio in the off-axis detection task over the whole mesopic range.

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“…This type of setup provides three significant advantages: Tt allows obtaining results that do not depend on the pupil variations linked to the luminance or type of illuminant (Berman et al, 1987), it helps to avoid the influence of iris pigmentation or scattering on the results due to the ocular wall (van den Berg, Ijspeert, & De Waard, 1991), and it allows precise control of the retinal illuminance. An exhaustive description of the experimental setup has been previously published (Matesanz et al, 2011). We only explain here the most relevant features and the specific details concerning this study.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of age and spectral power distribution on mesopic visual sensitivity

Vicente

Arranz

Issolio

et al. 2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The ability of the human visual system to detect stimuli at low illumination levels provides awareness of potential risks. The influence of age and spectral power distribution on mesopic spectral sensitivity is analyzed. Two typical light sources are used, a high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS), with a higher content of long wavelengths, and a metal halide lamp (MH), with a higher content of short wavelengths. Two experiments were performed, using a two-channel Maxwellian-view optical system to measure contrast threshold under different experimental conditions. In Experiment 1, three age groups (young, middle-aged and old, n = 2 each), two retinal locations (on-axis and off-axis vision), four background luminances (0.01, 0.07, 0.45, and 3.2 cd/ m 2 ), and two photometry systems (photopic and the MES2 systems) were considered. In Experiment 2, contrast threshold measurement was performed with two age groups (young and old, n = 11 each), one retinal location (off-axis vision), one background luminance (0.01 cd/m 2 ), and two photometry systems (photopic and the MES2 systems). In on-axis vision, neither age nor spectral power distribution have an effect on the contrast threshold. In off-axis vision, however, a significant interaction between age and spectral power distribution is obtained, albeit only at 0.01 cd/m 2 with an MH lamp. Only at this lowest background luminance was the greater content of short wavelengths of this lamp responsible for higher rod stimulation in offaxis vision, with the subsequent improvement in detection performance in young subjects. However, the effect of diffused light inside the aged eye counteracted the benefits of increased rod sensitivity for the MH lamp.

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Temporal retinal sensitivity in mesopic adaptation

Abstract: While the fovea shows higher sensitivity than the areas of peripheral retina investigated in this study, the speed of adaptation, measured from the visibility loss, is greater for retinal regions between 6° and 9° than for the fovea or retinal eccentricities beyond 9°.

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Contrast threshold measurements of peripheral targets in night-time driving images

Contrast threshold measurements of peripheral targets in night-time driving images

Influence of background size, luminance and eccentricity on different adaptation mechanisms

Influence of age and spectral power distribution on mesopic visual sensitivity

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