1998
DOI: 10.1037/0097-7403.24.3.291
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Temporal search as a function of the variability of interfood intervals.

Abstract: We attempted to determine whether timing theories developed primarily to explain performance in fixed-interval reinforcement schedules are also applicable to variable intervals. Groups of rats were trained in lever boxes on peak procedures with a 30-, 45-, or 60-s interval, or a 30- to 60-s uniform distribution (Experiment 1); a 60-s fixed and 1- to 121-s uniform distribution between and within animals (Experiment 2); and a procedure in which the interval between food and next available food gradually changed … Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(57 citation statements)
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“…Compared to the scheduled food-prime interval, the actual food-food interval was initially low, with two distinct maxima (at about 5 and 26 s). This result, previously reported for the Exponential distribution (Broadbent, 1994) and for the Uniform distribution of intervals with a minimum of 0 s but not of 30 s (Church, Lacourse, & Crystal, 1998), provides evidence for a nonmonotonic process initiated by food. The initial low probability of a lever response after food presumably reflects competition with the consummatory act of eating the food; the first maximum may represent the increased responding due to the increasing probability of a reinforcement following a period without responding.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 61%
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“…Compared to the scheduled food-prime interval, the actual food-food interval was initially low, with two distinct maxima (at about 5 and 26 s). This result, previously reported for the Exponential distribution (Broadbent, 1994) and for the Uniform distribution of intervals with a minimum of 0 s but not of 30 s (Church, Lacourse, & Crystal, 1998), provides evidence for a nonmonotonic process initiated by food. The initial low probability of a lever response after food presumably reflects competition with the consummatory act of eating the food; the first maximum may represent the increased responding due to the increasing probability of a reinforcement following a period without responding.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 61%
“…3. ) the asymptotic performance of the multiple-oscillator model leads to local irregularities (Church, Lacourse, & Crystal, 1998;Crystal, Church, & Broadbent, 1997). The overall form of the food-food interval distribution produced by the scalar timing model approximated the data less closely.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Hence, the patterns observed in Figure 2 are the results of the interaction among the timing of the overall activity (see Figure 3), the growing influence of the FI 60-s reinforcer on the response allocation process as time to reinforcement on the FI decreases, and response competition: As the probability of responding on the FI increases, the probability of responding on the VI jointly decreases. Church, Lacourse, and Crystal (1998) studied the temporal pattern of response rate in rats exposed to a concurrent FI 60-s-VI 60-s schedule in which, just as in our resetting procedure, reinforcement was timed by the experimenter via trial duration rather than the interreinforcement interval (as in typical concurrent schedules). At the beginning of each trial, a reinforcer was randomly scheduled either on the FI 60-s or the VI 60-s schedule.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The common observation has been that response rates increase as time elapses during uniformly distributed VIs (Catania & Reynolds, 1968;Church, Lacourse, & Crystal, 1998;Harzem, Lowe, & Priddle-Higson, 1978;Lund, 1976), and remain at a constant level as time elapses during exponentially distributed VIs (Catania & Reynolds, 1968;Harzem et al, 1978;Kirkpatrick & Church, 2003). Most of these studies measured instrumental responses for food (bar pressing in rats, key pecking in pigeons) during VI schedules.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%