Temporal-spatial variations and driving factors analysis of coastal reclamation in China

Wang, Meng; Hu, Beibei; He, Ming; Liu, Baiqiao; Mo, Xingguo; Li, Hongyuan; Wang, Zhongliang; Zhang, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2017.04.008

Cited by 134 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Meng et al () suggested that neither economics nor population density but policies are the direct driving forces of China's reclamation of wetlands. For instance, to maintain the total amount of cultivated land, reclaiming coastal wetlands is the fastest and least expensive way to increase the construction land quota, which may bring substantial economic benefits to the local government (Alphan, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reclamation and natural changes on coastal wetlands bordering China's Yellow Sea from 1984 to 2015

et al. 2019

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Coastal wetlands are rapidly disappearing worldwide, which is posing a substantial threat to the integrity of coastal ecosystems. In addition to the direct area reduction caused by reclamation, coastal wetlands experience natural changes due to sediment transport in coastal regions. Arguably, the reclamation rates must be less than the net accretion rate to guarantee the restoration of coastal wetlands. By applying an automatic and replicable shoreline algorithm to all available Landsat imagery from 1984 to 2015 using the Google Earth Engine Cloud Platform, we developed distribution maps of coastal wetlands and reclamation in China's Yellow Sea (CYS) at 4‐ or 5‐year intervals. In addition, we divided coastal wetlands into saltmarshes and mudflats and analysed their trends separately. Over the past 30 years, the area of coastal wetlands decreased by 53% (from 6,463 to 3,036 km2), including a 67% decrease in saltmarshes (from 1,471 to 489 km2) and a 49% decrease in mudflats (from 4,992 to 2,547 km2). Meanwhile, the reclaimed area was 7,696 km2 (including 1,276 km2 of saltmarshes and 3,002 km2 of mudflats), which exceeded the area of newly formed coastal wetlands (852 km2). The natural state of mudflats gradually changed from accretion to erosion, but without considering the natural state of coastal wetlands, reclamation will continue at a high rate in CYS according to China's national marine functional zoning (MFZ) for 2010–2020. In view of their important ecological services, there is an urgent need to revise the national MFZ to achieve ‘no net loss’ of coastal wetlands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reclamation and natural changes on coastal wetlands bordering China's Yellow Sea from 1984 to 2015

et al. 2019

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“…However, in China, where the rate of seaward expansion of seawalls has doubled in the last decade (Zhang et al, 2013), the primary purpose has been for coastal land claim activities that convert natural intertidal wetlands to new land for development ( Figure 2; Han, 2002;Ma, Melville, et al, 2014). This difference in purpose is reflected by the significantly lower rate of coastal wetland reduction in Europe and North America (deltaic plains: 1.5 ± 1.2% loss per year, n = 5) compared to Asia (deltaic plains: 11.5 ± 12.1% loss per year, n = 5) between the mid-1980s and early 2000s (Coleman, Huh, & Braud, 2008;Davidson, 2014;Lotze et al, 2006;Meng et al, 2017).…”

Section: Contextualizing Seawall Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and China's new Great Wall

Choi

Jackson

Gallo-Cajiao

et al. 2017

Diversity and Distributions

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Coastal armouring and the reclamation of intertidal areas through the use of seawalls and other artificial structures has been practiced for thousands of years, but its recent expansion in China and elsewhere in Asia has been unprecedented in its rate and intensity. One result has been the recent loss of nearly two-thirds of tidal flats in the Yellow Sea, a globally unique ecosystem of high ecological value. The severe effects on biodiversity of the recent large-scale coastal land claim activities in China are well documented, yet some recent studies have emphasized the ecological opportunities provided by such artificial coastal infrastructure in China, in some cases suggesting that the ecological impacts of coastal infrastructure should be reconsidered due to benefits to some rocky shore species in a changing climate. This is cause for concern because, while studying the "new ecology" arising from coastal modification is useful, broad conclusions around the ecological role or conservation gains from seawall construction without adequate contextualization underplays the ecological consequences of large-scale coastal land claim, and could potentially undermine efforts to achieve biodiversity conservation. Here, we clarify the characteristics of seawall construction in China and summarize the environmental damage and some broadscale impacts caused by this type of infrastructure expansion on the endangered Yellow Sea tidal flats ecosystem. We also highlight the urgent need for all coastal development plans to consider how coastal wetlands and ecosystem functionality can be maximally retained within the development precinct. K E Y W O R D Sartificial infrastructure, ecosystem function, mudflat, reclamation, wetland

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“…Because of China's rapid growth of reclamation area [6], coastal zone suitable for reclamation reduce drastically [7], and the focus of reclamation is gradually from the high to middle and low beaches which also fall sharply [8]. The reclamation project changes the hydrodynamic conditions and marine sediment conditions, which produce the change of tide flow field and deposition.…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, reclamation intensity of the Bohai rim economic circle and the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone was the largest whose total amount of reclamation accounted for 85.7% of the whole country [4]. The coastal reclamation intensity growth rate in the case study areas of Yellow River estuary from 2000 to 2015 is about 37.97% [5].Because of China's rapid growth of reclamation area [6], coastal zone suitable for reclamation reduce drastically [7], and the focus of reclamation is gradually from the high to middle and low beaches which also fall sharply [8]. The reclamation project changes the hydrodynamic conditions and marine sediment conditions, which produce the change of tide flow field and deposition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Research on the Influence of Reclamation on Water and Sediment Environment Offshore

Cong¹,

Zhu²,

Li³

et al. 2017

WROS

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Abstract:Reclamation changes the characteristics of water movement, then affects the marine environment system, and may even lead to environmental disasters. The influence on the 4 aspects of the current field, wave field, suspended sediment field and topography were summarized. Impacts of large area of reclamation project on the marine environment are found very few, and to expand the study scope and make up for the current lack of a wide range of studies on multiple reclamation impacts on the marine environment is an important research direction in the future; In the long time scale, it is a lack of long-term cumulative effects on coastal reclamation and whether the influence can restore; the present study focuses only on the impact evaluation of scope, type, and degree from lack of exploring the potential mechanism; It is a lack of interdisciplinary research, and the analysis of comprehensive influence of reclamation projects on land, sea and biological and ecological environment.Keywords: Reclamation, Offshore, Hydrodynamic, Water and Sediment Environment PrefaceReclamation refers to an engineering technology of building dike to settle along the river, lakeside and seaside. Coastal development was dominated by farmland and aquiculture in early reclamation whose proportion reduced relatively in medium term, and the proportion of port and urban construction with high economic value increased gradually in late development [1][2][3]. Reclamation has become an important measure to solve the contradiction between man and land and promote economic development in the coastal areas. Based on remote sensing and GIS technology, the total amount of reclamation shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing in the past 1985-2010 years in China. Among them, reclamation intensity of the Bohai rim economic circle and the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone was the largest whose total amount of reclamation accounted for 85.7% of the whole country [4]. The coastal reclamation intensity growth rate in the case study areas of Yellow River estuary from 2000 to 2015 is about 37.97% [5].Because of China's rapid growth of reclamation area [6], coastal zone suitable for reclamation reduce drastically [7], and the focus of reclamation is gradually from the high to middle and low beaches which also fall sharply [8]. The reclamation project changes the hydrodynamic conditions and marine sediment conditions, which produce the change of tide flow field and deposition. And the greater reclamation area is, the greater the effect of hydrodynamic conditions are [9]. The impact on coast erosion, seabed topography, port and waterway siltation, estuary deposition, bay tidal volume and coastal beach stability and ecosystem [10][11][12][13] near reclamation project will be brought [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], which will be more and more serious [22] and aggravate the flood disaster in some areas in a certain extent [23].Aiming at the present reclamation situation of Jiangsu in China, Zhang C K, et al. [24] proposed the development of c...

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Temporal-spatial variations and driving factors analysis of coastal reclamation in China

Cited by 134 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of reclamation and natural changes on coastal wetlands bordering China's Yellow Sea from 1984 to 2015

Effects of reclamation and natural changes on coastal wetlands bordering China's Yellow Sea from 1984 to 2015

Biodiversity and China's new Great Wall

Research on the Influence of Reclamation on Water and Sediment Environment Offshore

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