Temporal synchronization elicits enhancement of binocular vision functions

Eisen-Enosh, Auria; Farah, Nairouz; Polat, Uri; Mandel, Yossi

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.105960

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Existing research has shown that amblyopic patients demonstrate improved performance in stereoscopic assessments when both eyes achieve greater balance. 48 – 50 Various training methods, such as binocular contrast modulation, 27 , 51 push–pull training, 52 – 54 or synchronization of binocular latencies, 55 have demonstrated the potential for yielding long-term gains in visual acuity and stereopsis among amblyopic patients. These observations align with the perspective of binocular combination modeling, suggesting correlations between different types of binocular combination processing, 10 which may share a common early contrast gain control mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Monocular Flicker on Binocular Imbalance in Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Adults

Lu,

Zou,

Wang

et al. 2024

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects of monocular flicker stimulation on binocular imbalance in both amblyopic and nonamblyopic adults. Methods Seven amblyopic patients (28.3 ± 3.3 years; four females) and seven normally sighted participants (27.3 ± 4.1 years; five females) participated in the study. We used liquid crystal spectacles to create externally-generated monocular flicker (4, 7, 10, 15, or 20 Hz) and used the metric of log balance point (logBP) to determine whether imposed flicker could change the eyes’ equilibrium interocular contrast ratio. Flicker was applied to either the fellow eye vs. the amblyopic eye or dominant eye (DE) vs. non-DE (non-DE) of amblyopic and nonamblyopic participants, respectively. We defined a logBP of 0 to indicate complete binocular balance and an increase in logBP relative to baseline to indicate a relative strengthening of the non-DE or amblyopic eye. Results Monocular flicker applied to the DE or fellow eye increased logBP, whereas when applied to the non-DE or amblyopic eye, reduced the logBP. These effects were more pronounced at low temporal frequencies than that at high temporal frequencies. The interaction between eye and temporal frequency was significant in both normals, F(4, 24) = 58.082, P < 0.001, η 2 = 0.906, and amblyopes, F(1.923, 11.538) = 60.555, P < 0.001, η 2 = 0.91. Conclusions Monocular flicker diminishes the contribution of the flickered eye in binocular combination, resulting in a relative dominance of the nonflickered eye in interocular interactions. Furthermore, a more pronounced temporally modulated effect was observed at lower temporal frequencies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Monocular Flicker on Binocular Imbalance in Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Adults

Lu,

Zou,

Wang

et al. 2024

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whereas they might be independent in amblyopia because of an altered processing of the amblyopic eye information by the brain. Such independent processes in amblyopia might also be supported by a lack of synchronicity between the 2 eyes ( Chadnova et al, 2017 ; Reynaud and Hess, 2019 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Gurman and Reynaud, 2022 ; Eisen-Enosh et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial frequency channels depend on stimulus bandwidth in normal and amblyopic vision: an exploratory factor analysis

Reynaud,

Min

2023

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) is the measure of an observer’s contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency. It is a sensitive measure to assess visual function in fundamental and clinical settings. Human contrast sensitivity is subserved by different spatial frequency channels. Also, it is known that amblyopes have deficits in contrast sensitivity, particularly at high spatial frequencies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether the contrast sensitivity function is subtended by the same spatial frequency channels in control and amblyopic populations. To determine these spatial frequency channels, we performed an exploratory factor analysis on five datasets of contrasts sensitivity functions of amblyopic and control participants measured using either gratings or noise patches, taken from our previous studies. In the range of 0.25–10 c/d, we identified two spatial frequency channels. When the CSF was measured with noise patches, the spatial frequency channels presented very similar tuning in the amblyopic eye and the fellow eye and were also similar to what was observed in controls. The only major difference was that the weight attributed to the high frequency channel was reduced by approximately 50% in the amblyopic eye. However, when the CSF was measured using gratings, the spatial frequency channels of the amblyopic eye were tuned toward lower spatial frequencies. These findings suggest that there is no mechanistic deficit for contrast sensitivity in amblyopia and that amblyopic vision may just be subjected to excessive internal noise and attenuation at higher spatial frequencies, thereby supporting the use of therapeutic strategies that involve rebalancing contrast.

show abstract

“…The principle of binocular vision depth perception is based on the human visual system, which uses the disparity between images observed by the left and right cameras to determine the distance of objects [25][26][27]. The process of recognizing steering markers by the orchard management robot in the orchard is shown in Figure 11.…”

Section: Steering Start Point Attitude Information Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Rapid Detection of Steering Markers in Orchard Management Robots Based on Improved YOLOv7

Gao,

Tian,

et al. 2023

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to guide the orchard management robot to realize autonomous steering in the row ends of a complex orchard environment, this paper proposes setting up steering markers in the form of fruit trees at the end of the orchard rows and realizing the rapid detection of the steering markers of the orchard management robot through the fast and accurate recognition and classification of different steering markers. First, a high-precision YOLOv7 model is used, and the depthwise separable convolution (DSC) is used instead of the 3 × 3 ordinary convolution, which improves the speed of model detection; at the same time, in order to avoid a decline in detection accuracy, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is added to the model, and the Focal loss function is introduced to improve the model’s attention to the imbalanced samples. Second, a binocular camera is used to quickly detect the steering markers, obtain the position information of the robot to the steering markers, and determine the starting point position of the robot’s autonomous steering based on the position information. Our experiments show that the average detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv7 model reaches 96.85%, the detection time of a single image reaches 15.47 ms, and the mean value of the localization error is 0.046 m. Comparing with the YOLOv4, YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv5-s, and YOLOv7 models, the improved YOLOv7 model outperforms the other models in terms of combined detection time and detection accuracy. Therefore, the model proposed in this paper can quickly and accurately perform steering marker detection and steering start point localization, avoiding problems such as steering errors and untimely steering, shortening the working time and improving the working efficiency. This model also provides a reference and technical support for research on robot autonomous steering in other scenarios.

show abstract

Temporal synchronization elicits enhancement of binocular vision functions

Cited by 5 publications

References 90 publications

Effects of Monocular Flicker on Binocular Imbalance in Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Adults

Effects of Monocular Flicker on Binocular Imbalance in Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Adults

Spatial frequency channels depend on stimulus bandwidth in normal and amblyopic vision: an exploratory factor analysis

A Study on the Rapid Detection of Steering Markers in Orchard Management Robots Based on Improved YOLOv7

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About