Temporal Trend of Severe Obesity in Brazilian State Capitals (2006–2021)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of severe obesity in the capitals of the Brazilian states and the Federal District, from 2006 to 2021. For this purpose, a time-series, population-based, observational study was designed using data from the VIGITEL Survey. The dependent variable of this study was the prevalence of severe obesity, which was defined as a body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2. Time series analysis was conducted using Joinpoint Regression Analysis Software v.4.9.1.0. In this study, a normal distribution was assumed, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were presented. In total, 778,445 individuals participated in the study (38.2% were male and 61.8% were female). The prevalence of severe obesity has increased from 1.1% in 2006 to 1.9% in 2021. The average annual percentage change indicates an upward trend for the period (AAPC: 4.7; 95% CI: 3.8; 5.7). When stratifying the trend of severe obesity by sex, a significant upward trend was observed for females (AAPC: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.9; 6.8). There was a significant upward trend for all age groups, skin colors, and education levels. However, the older age groups and those with less education had lower AAPC.

Changes in food consumption and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazilian adults between 2008 and 2018

“…The increase in overweight is observed in both genders; however, women continued to have a higher obesity prevalence than men in both surveys. Although no difference was observed in the prevalence of severe obesity (BMI>=40kg/m²), a recent article using Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) data from 2006 to 2021 described a significant growing trend in the prevalence of Class 3 obesity in women [18]. The gender discrepancy can be attributed to several factors, including differences in food consumption patterns, energy expenditure, and gender issues [19].…”