Temporal Trend of Urolithiasis Incidence in China: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis

Abstract

Purpose Urolithiasis is one of the commonest disease of the urinary system. This study aimed to assess the long-term urolithiasis incidence trends in China between 1990 and 2019. Patients and Methods The incidence data of urolithiasis were extracted from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and an age–period–cohort framework was used to estimate the age, period, and cohort effects. Results We found that the net drift was −2.72% (95% CI: −2.84% to −2.60%) per year for men and −2.14% (95% CI: −2.24% to −2.05%) per year for women, and except men in age group 0–4, the local drift values were below 0 in all age groups (P<0.05 for all) in both sexes during the period of 1990 to 2019. In the same birth cohort, the risk of incidence from urolithiasis rose first and then decreased with age for both sexes after controlling for period deviations, and in addition, after 20 years old, the risk of incidence of urolithiasis in men was higher than that in women (significantly with P<0.05). In general, the estimated period and cohort relative risks were found in similar downward patterns for both sexes. Conclusion In the past 30 years, the age-standard incidence of urolithiasis in both sex of Chinese people has decreased, but the crude incidence of urolithiasis in Chinese women has increased. Considering the aging of population structure in China, the overall number of female urolithiasis patients may increase, contributes to higher crude incidence rate. The problem of urolithiasis in Chinese women needs to be paid more attention.

Sex disparities and the risk of urolithiasis: a large cross-sectional study

“…Furthermore, we found as age grew, the risk for urolithiasis presented different trends in the two genders. According to Hui et al., based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, for either sex, the urolithiasis incidence in China increased and then decreased with ageing [ 17 ]. Qiang et al.…”

Temporal Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Skin Malignant Melanoma in China from 1990 to 2019

“…The APC analysis was conducted by arranging incidence, mortality, and population data into consecutive 5-year periods from 1990 to 1994 (median 1992) to 2015–2019 (median 2017) and successive 5-year age intervals from 0–4 years to 90–94 years [ 19 ]. SMM incidence and mortality in patients aged >95 years were not considered in this study since those in this age group are divided into a single group in the GBD database.…”

Prevalence and trends of urolithiasis among adults

“…In contrast, the age-standardized incidence rate of urolithiasis among the Chinese population was reported to have been declined from 1990 to 2019, with an annual net drift of −2.7 and −2.1% for men and women, respectively [16 ▪▪ ]. In a cross-sectional study ( n = 2173) conducted in Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of urolithiasis was 11.2% in 2017 [31].…”

“…Similarly, in northern Italy, the average age of patients was significantly lower in the 2001–2003 group (45.8 years) than in the 2016–2018 group (57.9 years) [24]. In contrast, several studies in China found that the peak prevalence of urolithiasis was in middle-aged individuals and then decreased with age [14 ▪ ,16 ▪▪ ,33]. Some investigators attributed this to the heavier workload, more occupational stress, less fluid consumption, and thus more dehydration among working individuals [37].…”