Temporal trends and spatial distribution of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB in pine and spruce shoots

Rappolder, Marianne; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Schädel, Silke; Waller, Ulrich; Körner, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.079

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Consequently, deposition of these substances into the Baltic Sea are estimated to have declined by ca. 50% between 199050% between and 200550% between (Gusev 2007, and data acquired from monitoring PCDD/Fs in pine and spruce needles in Germany supports these estimates (Rappolder et al 2007). Direct emissions to Baltic Sea waters have likely decreased as well, due to cessation of chlorophenol and vinyl chloride production and changes in production processes in the surrounding countries.…”

Section: Background Aim and Scopementioning

confidence: 71%

Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea

Sundqvist

Tysklind

Cato

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In order to identify other hotspot areas and trace sources, comprehensive analysis of PCDD/Fs in surface sediments is needed in all areas of the Baltic Sea that have not been previously investigated. The high levels of PCDD/Fs observed in surface sediments also indicate a need to elucidate whether they are due mainly to current emissions or a combination of recent pollution and re-distribution of historically deposited pollutants. To do so, better understanding of sediment dynamics and present-day inputs, such as riverine inputs, industrial effluents, and leakage from contaminated soil is required. There are indications that contaminated sediments have a regional impact on fish contamination levels. However, as yet there is no statistically robust evidence linking contaminated sediments with elevated levels in Baltic biota. It should also be noted that the Baltic Sea is being massively invaded by the deep-burrowing polychaete Marenzielleria ssp., whose presence in sediments has been shown to increase water concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants. In awareness of this, it is clear that high levels in sediments cannot be ignored in risk assessments. In order to investigate the emission trends more thoroughly, analysis of PCDD/Fs in offshore sediment cores throughout the Baltic Sea is also recommended.

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Section: Background Aim and Scopementioning

confidence: 71%

Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea

Sundqvist

Tysklind

Cato

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Korean pine needles contain the highest PCDD/F concentrations, 26.2−2088 pg/g dw 18 and 10.1−155 pg/g wet weight. 28 Chinese pine needles were found to have high levels relative to other developed countries such as Japan, 17 Germany, 12 and Poland. 29 Chen et al 19 reported that the PCDD/F concentrations in pine needles from Dalian were 87− 167 pg/g dw.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric PCDD/F Concentrations in 38 Cities of China Monitored with Pine Needles, a Passive Biosampler

Chen

Mei

Peng

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Many studies have shown that pine needles are a good biomonitor for atmospheric concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). However, this biomonitor has not been tested in large areas, and the quantitative relationship between concentrations in pine needles and air has not been established. In the present study, we collected pine needles from 38 cities in China. The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/ Fs were measured by gas chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The total PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 5.4 to 330 pg/g dry weight of pine needles. The pine needles from cities located in central China and three major city agglomerations contained high concentrations of PCDD/Fs, while those from cities in the west and on the coast contained relatively low concentrations. Primary emission and diffusion processes were the main controls of the PCDD/F concentrations in pine needles. Homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in pine needles were characterized by PCDFs/ PCDDs >1 in the industrialized cities and <1 in unindustrialized cities. The congener patterns were dominated by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and OCDD, indicating that combustion was the major source of the PCDD/Fs. By comparing the PCDD/F concentrations in the pine needles and those in air, we established a preliminary linear relationship between them. Finally, the concentrations in air of PCDD/Fs in the 38 cities of China could be predicted from this relationship.

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“…Temporal trends in air pollution can also be monitored by studying concentrations in vegetation over time. The half-life of CB118 in pine and spruce needles from urban sites in Germany was 9 years (Rappolder et al, 2007), thus similar to the anthropogenically impacted Lake Greifensee and Baltic Sea coastal sediments. Air is expected to have shorter half-lives compared to sediment or biological matrices, since air responds faster to emission changes.…”

Section: Environmental Half-lives In Baltic Sea Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Baltic Sea sediment records: Unlikely near-future declines in PCBs and HCB

Sobek

Sundqvist²,

Assefa

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Temporal trends and spatial distribution of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB in pine and spruce shoots

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea

Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea

Atmospheric PCDD/F Concentrations in 38 Cities of China Monitored with Pine Needles, a Passive Biosampler

Baltic Sea sediment records: Unlikely near-future declines in PCBs and HCB

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