Temporal trends in food group availability and cancer incidence in Africa: an ecological analysis

Aglago, Elom K.; Bray, Freddie; Zotor, Francis; Slimani, Nadia; Chajès, Véronique; Huybrechts, Inge; Ferrari, Pietro; Gunter, Marc J.

doi:10.1017/s1368980019000831

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Whether dietary factors were related to TC remain debatable. 42,43 This discrepancy might be attributed to the amount of iodized salt in food. 44,45 We found a positive association between smoking and TC, which was controversial in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Genetic Risk, Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Thyroid Cancer Risk

et al. 2022

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ImportanceGenetic and lifestyle factors are related to thyroid cancer (TC). Whether a healthy lifestyle is associated with TC and could attenuate the influence of genetic variants in TC remains equivocal.ObjectivesTo examine the associations between genetics and healthy lifestyle with incident TC and whether adherence to a healthy lifestyle modifies the association between genetic variants and TC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data recruited 502 505 participants aged 40 to 69 years between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010. A total of 307 803 participants of European descent were recruited at baseline, and 264 956 participants were available for the present study. Data analysis was conducted from November 1, 2021, to April 22, 2022.ExposuresLifestyle behaviors were determined by diet index, physical activity, weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Lifestyle was categorized as unfavorable (scores 0-1), intermediate (score 2), and favorable (scores 3-5). The polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived from a meta–genome-wide association study using 3 cohorts and categorized as low, intermediate, and high.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThyroid cancer was defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (code 193), International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (code C73), and self-report (code 1065).ResultsOf 264 956 participants, 137 665 were women (52%). The median age was 57 (IQR, 49-62) years. During a median follow-up of 11.1 (IQR, 10.33-11.75) years (2 885 046 person-years), 423 incident TCs were ascertained (14.66 per 100 000 person-years). Higher PRSs were associated with TC (hazard ratio [HR], 2.25; 95% CI, 1.91-2.64; P = 8.65 × 10−23). An unfavorable lifestyle was also associated with a higher risk of TC (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.50-2.49; P &lt; .001). When stratified by PRS, unfavorable lifestyle was associated with TC in the higher PRS group (favorable vs unfavorable HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73; P &lt; .001). Furthermore, participants with both a high PRS and unfavorable lifestyle had the highest risk of TC (HR, 4.89; 95% CI, 3.03-7.91; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective cohort study, genetic and lifestyle factors were independently associated with incident TC, which suggests that a healthier lifestyle may attenuate the deleterious influence of genetics on the risk of TC in individuals of European descent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Genetic Risk, Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Thyroid Cancer Risk

et al. 2022

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“…There are also ongoing changes in diet with “westernisation” characterised by an increased consumption of diets richer in calories and poorer in fruits and fibre. The increased use over time of animal over plant‐based products in sub‐Saharan Africa correlates with increased breast cancer incidence rates 44 . Consumption of diets rich in fruits and cruciferous vegetables has been associated with a decreased breast cancer incidence rates in South Africa, while diets rich in calories and which are nutrient poor conferred higher incidence rates 45 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving epidemic of breast cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa: Results from the African Cancer Registry Network

Joko‐Fru

Jedy‐Agba

Korir

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) with rapidly increasing incidence rates reported in Uganda and Zimbabwe. However, the magnitude of these rising trends in premenopausal and postmenopausal women is unknown in most African countries. We used data from the African Cancer Registry Network on incident breast cancers in women from 11 population‐based cancer registries in 10 countries representing each of the four SSA regions. We explored incidence changes among women before and after age 50 by calendar period and, where possible, generational effects in this unique sub‐Saharan African cohort. Temporal trends revealed increasing incidence rates in all registries during the study period, except in Nairobi where rates stabilised during 2010 to 2014 after rapidly increasing from 2003 to 2010 (APC = 8.5 95%, CI: 3.0‐14.2). The cumulative risk varied between and within regions, with the highest risks observed in Nairobi‐Kenya, Mauritius and the Seychelles. There were similar or more rapidly increasing incidence rates in women aged 50+ compared to women <50 years in all registries except The Gambia. Birth cohort analyses revealed increases in the incidence rates in successive generations of women aged 45 and over in Harare‐Zimbabwe and Kampala‐Uganda. In conclusion, the incidence of BC is increasing rapidly in many parts of Africa; however, the magnitude of these changes differs. These results highlight the need for urgent actions across the cancer continuum from in‐depth risk factor studies to provision of adequate therapy as well as the necessity of supporting the maintenance of good quality population‐based cancer registration in Africa.

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“…The design quality of the included ecological studies was analysed using modified criteria adapted from Dufault and Klar [ 18 ] and Betran [ 19 ] as there is no validated tool for such studies. Each ecological study scored a maximum of 21 points for 15 elements: 12, 6, and 3 points for study design, statistical methods, and reporting quality, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Link between Food Environment and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Food and diet are critical risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Food environments (FEs) can contribute to disease risk, including CRC. This review investigated the link between FEs and CRC incidence and mortality risk. The systematic search of studies utilised three primary journal databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Retrieved citations were screened and the data were extracted from articles related to the FE-exposed populations who were at risk for CRC and death. We evaluated ecological studies and cohort studies with quality assessment and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies, respectively. A descriptive synthesis of the included studies was performed. Out of 89 articles identified, eight were eligible for the final review. The included studies comprised six ecological studies and two cohort studies published from 2013 to 2021. Six articles were from the US, one was from Africa, and one was from Switzerland. All eight studies were of good quality. The significant finding was that CRC incidence was associated with the availability of specific foods such as red meat, meat, animal fats, energy from animal sources, and an unhealthy FE. Increased CRC mortality was linked with the availability of animal fat, red meat, alcoholic beverages, and calorie food availability, residence in food deserts, and lower FE index. There were a variety of associations between CRC and the FE. The availability of specific foods, unhealthy FE, and food desserts impact CRC incidence and mortality. Creating a healthy FE in the future will require focus and thorough planning.

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Temporal trends in food group availability and cancer incidence in Africa: an ecological analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Association Between Genetic Risk, Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Thyroid Cancer Risk

Association Between Genetic Risk, Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Thyroid Cancer Risk

The evolving epidemic of breast cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa: Results from the African Cancer Registry Network

The Link between Food Environment and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

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