Temporal Trends in the Cardiorespiratory Fitness of 2,525,827 Adults Between 1967 and 2016: A Systematic Review

Lamoureux, Nicholas R.; Fitzgerald, John S.; Norton, Kevin; Sabato, Todd M.; Tremblay, Mark S.; Tomkinson, Grant R.

doi:10.1007/s40279-018-1017-y

Cited by 84 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The present study findings are in line and confirmatory to the findings of previous very few studies in 5‐10 years younger adult men in Finland and Switzerland . Based on the present study and the previous study findings, it seems that the decreasing trend in physical fitness is diminishing during the recent decades, and interestingly, the greatest decline in cardiorespiratory fitness seems to have occurred some decades ago . Similar diminishing decreased trends have also been observed in children during the last two decades …”

Section: Perspectivesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…5,6 Based on the present study and the previous study findings, 7,8 it seems that the decreasing trend in physical fitness is diminishing during the recent decades, and interestingly, the greatest decline in cardiorespiratory fitness seems to have occurred some decades ago. 6,15,19 Similar diminishing decreased trends have also been observed in children during the last two decades. 5 ORCID Jani P. Vaara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-4073…”

Section: Perspectivesupporting

confidence: 69%

“…16 Interestingly, the greatest decline in cardiorespiratory fitness seems to have occurred some decades ago, and the trend for the decline in recent two decades has diminished or even stabilized. Systematic reviews have reported a plateau in cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents after the early 2000s, 15,17,18 and the very few studies in young adults show similar trends. 7,8 Interestingly, it was observed in the present study that the level of cardiorespiratory fitness in the highest percentiles was relatively unchanged from 2003, whereas decreases were larger toward the lower percentiles reaching nearly a decrease of 10% in the lowest percentile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The observed similarity in relative cardiorespiratory fitness and clinically small differences in absolute cardiorespiratory fitness between 2008 and 2015 in the present study is similar to previous findings in younger adult men in Switzerland and in Finland. 7,8 A recent review 15 reported a decrease (−8%) in cardiorespiratory fitness between 1967 and 2016 including over 2.5 million adult participants from eight countries. Furthermore, an average of 17% decline in cardiorespiratory fitness has been observed in Asian adolescents (9-17 years) between the years 1964 and 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Vaara

Santtila

Vasankari

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Introduction Physical fitness is strongly related to health and may offer valuable information about public health. We investigated trends in physical fitness, leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA), and anthropometry of young healthy adult Finnish men in representative population‐based samples between 2003 and 2015. Methods Three independent cross‐sectional samples of 18‐ to 35‐year‐old Finnish men were assessed in 2003 (n = 889), 2008 (n = 803), and 2015 (n = 690). Cardiorespiratory (VO2max) and muscular fitness (1‐minute sit‐ups and push‐ups), body mass, and height were measured. Self‐reported LTPA was assessed. Results After adjusting for age, education, and smoking, cardiorespiratory fitness was higher in 2003 (mean: 43.5, 95%CI: 42.9‐44.1 mL/kg/min) compared to 2008 (41.3, 95%CI: 40.7‐41.9 mL/kg/min) and 2015 (40.6, 95%CI: 40.0‐41.2 mL/kg/min) (P < .001), whereas no difference was observed between 2008 and 2015. The lowest values in muscular fitness were observed in 2003, while no clear trends were further noticed. The adjusted BMI was higher in 2008 (25.1, 95%CI: 24.9‐25.4) and 2015 (25.3, 95%CI: 25.3, 95%CI: 25.0‐25.6) compared to 2003 (24.5, 95%CI: 24.3‐24.8) (P < .005). In 2015, a higher proportion of individuals exercised at least four times per week compared to 2003 and 2008 (P < .05). Conclusion The decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness that took place between 2003 and 2008 plateaued after 2008. The plateau is in accordance with the previously observed trend of 5‐10 years younger Finnish men. Moreover, muscular fitness was for the most part higher in 2008 and 2015 compared to 2003. Efforts directed to promote regular physical activity and improve physical fitness are needed.

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Section: Perspectivesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Perspectivesupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Vaara

Santtila

Vasankari

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Despite this, physical activity trends in European countries have remained stable for years, and approximately 60% of the adult population are never or rarely doing exercise . Further, cardiorespiratory fitness within high‐ and upper‐middle‐income countries has decreased by 7.7% over the last five decades . However, physical inactivity affects not only personal health but also has high societal costs: In European countries, there is an annual cost of 80 billion euros derived from medical care and treatments, functional limitations, disability as well as a loss of dependence and productivity due to physical inactivity…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High leisure‐time physical activity reduces the risk of long‐term sickness absence

López‐Bueno

Vinstrup

Andersen

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Objectives This study examined the association of leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) with the risk of long‐term sickness absence (LTSA). Methods A total of 10 427 subjects from the general working population in Denmark answered questions about physical activity habits, health and work environment in the 2010 Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS). Data on LTSA (≥6 consecutive weeks during 2‐year follow‐up) were obtained from the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization (DREAM). Cox regression analysis censored for competing events and adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, BMI, smoking habits, depression, cancer, back diseases, previous LTSA, occupational social class, and psychosocial work environment) estimated the association between the predictor (LTPA) and the outcome variable (LTSA). During the 2‐year follow‐up period, 9.2% of the studied population experienced LTSA. Results In the general working population, moderate LTPA was not associated with LTSA (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.72‐1.09), while high LTPA showed a tendency (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59‐1.01). In subgroup analyses, women below the age of 45 years with high LTPA showed a significantly lower risk of LTSA when compared with their low LTPA counterparts (HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25‐0.78). Conclusion The results suggest that high levels of physical activity during leisure are associated with a lowered risk of LTSA, especially among younger women.

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Socioeconomic status relates to exercise habits and cardiorespiratory fitness among workers in the Tokyo area

Matsuo

2021

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives This survey aims to investigate consciousness regarding habitual exercise among workers in urban areas and to analyze the associations of workers’ socioeconomic status with their habitual exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods Ten thousand participants, who worked in the Tokyo area of Japan, were recruited for the questionnaire‐based survey. The questionnaire elicited participant's characteristics, socioeconomic status (eg, employment status and annual income), habitual exercise status, and consciousness regarding exercising. After the data‐cleaning procedure, 9406 participants were selected for analyses. CRF was estimated by a validated equation model. Results Some (32.9%) participants had an exercise habit, and 93% recognized that exercise is good for health. Of the nonexercise habit group (n = 6308), 73% wanted to develop an exercise habit, and “spare time (40%)” and “financial capability (16%)” were the two most necessary conditions for habituating exercise. As socioeconomic statuses increased, the odds ratios (ORs) for engaging in habitual exercise increased among full‐time (1.22) versus part‐time (reference) employees and those having high (1.76) versus low (reference) incomes, whereas the ORs for low CRF risk decreased among full‐time (0.78) versus part‐time (reference) employees and those having high (0.53) versus low (reference) incomes. Conclusions Although most workers recognized the benefits of exercise, many were unable to develop exercise habits and believed that they could develop exercise habits if they had the time and financial capabilities. The survey suggests that workers with a higher socioeconomic status more likely to obtain favorable physical fitness, indicating a health disparity among workers in urban areas.

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Temporal Trends in the Cardiorespiratory Fitness of 2,525,827 Adults Between 1967 and 2016: A Systematic Review

Cited by 84 publications

References 69 publications

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

High leisure‐time physical activity reduces the risk of long‐term sickness absence

Socioeconomic status relates to exercise habits and cardiorespiratory fitness among workers in the Tokyo area

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