Temporal variation in risk factors and prevalence rate of depression in urban population: does the urban environment play a significant role?

Depression and anxiety in the Malaysian urban population and their association with demographic characteristics, quality of life, and the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Our ndings showed a relatively high prevalence of depression as compared with the results of a few studies on the Malaysian urban population, which reported the prevalence of depression in the range of 10.30%-13.98% (Tan dan Yadav, 2012;Kader Maideen et al, 2014;Cheah et al, 2020). Nevertheless, our study revealed a lower prevalence of depression compared with the prevalence reported in other Asian countries, such as India and China, where the range was reported as 33%-35% (Firdaus and Ahmad, 2014;Li et al, 2019). Again, the prevalence of anxiety reported in our study was much higher than that reported in another study on the prevalence of anxiety in Malaysian communities (in which it was 8.2%; Kader Maideen et al, 2015).…”

Living environment and its relationship to depressive mood: A systematic review

“…(Niemann et al, 2006) a , surrounding area noise (Braubach, 2007) a and severe neighbour noise (Maschke & Niemann, 2007 a ;Niemann et al, 2006) were related to depression, after adjustments for personal characteristics. • • Exposure to indoor noise pollution and neighbourhood noise were related depressive symptoms after adjustments for age, gender, marital status, employment and migratory status (Firdaus & Ahmad, 2014) • • Living in areas with a higher auto commuter density, chronic exposure to traffic noise, was related to more depressive symptoms after adjustments (Miles et al, 2011) Air pollution (2 studies) • • People reporting depression reported air pollution problems more often after multiple adjustments (Piro, Madsen, Naess, Nafstad, & Claussen, 2008 was associated with lower probability of depression for those following a trajectory of low prevalence of depression symptoms episodes, when individual characteristics were included in the model (Gariepy et al, 2015). a When depression measure outcomes also included use of antidepressants, the presence of cultural services was related to lower depression in a fully adjusted model…”

“…Summary of the results regarding associations between living environment/neighbourhood and depressive mood in the 57 studies included in the systematic review. Higher level and speed of urbanization was related to depressive symptoms, even when individual characteristics were considered(Chen et al, 2014) • • Residents of metropolitan areas had increased risk of a major depressive episode compared to those residing in the countryside or in county towns, Residents of micropolitan and rural areas had depressive symptoms more often than residents of metropolitan areas, even after adjustments for individual and neighbourhood characteristics(Beyer et al, 2014) Individuals with deck access (vs other types), living in properties built in 1970 or later (vs pre-1940) had higher risk of depression after adjustments for socioeconomic status, floor of residence and structural housing problems(Weich et al, 2002) • • Objective neighbourhood deterioration was associated with significantly lower depressive symptoms, whereas perceived neighbourhood deterioration was associated with significantly higher depressive symptoms, after adjustments for Having structural problems in relation to housing conditions, lacking separate kitchen and proper toilet and bathroom facilities were associated with high levels of depression, after adjustments for age, gender, marital status, employment and migratory status(Firdaus & Ahmad, 2014) • • Percentage of housing units with some non-functioning kitchen facilities, heat breakdowns and requiring additional heat in winter, large areas of peeling plaster or paint, buildings in an observed deteriorating condition and number of structural fires were related to current and lifetime depression after…”

A Multilevel Analysis of Perceived Noise Pollution, Geographic Contexts and Mental Health in Beijing

“…Recent years have also seen a growing number of empirical studies on the health effects of subjectively reported community or neighborhood noise [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Perceived neighborhood noise was found to be associated with poor self-rated health and some mental health symptoms (e.g., depression) in Delhi, India [ 44 , 45 ].…”