Temporal variation in the spider assemblage (Arachnida, Araneae) in canopies of Callisthene fasciculata (Vochysiaceae) in the Brazilian Pantanal biome

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Spiders are generalist predators and present a high diversity of capturing and foraging, as well as considerable species richness in tropical habitats. Although, generally, not presenting specifi c relations to the host plant, they can be infl uenced by its phenology, structure and resource availability. So, this study analyzed temporal variation on the structure and composition of Araneae assemblage in Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) canopies, in an area of monodominant vegetation, in the periods of high water, receding water, dry season and rising water in Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The collection was performed on 24 individuals of C. fasciculata, six in each seasonal period, in 2010 and 2011, making use of canopy fogging with insecticide. For that, ten nylon funnels were distributed under each canopy of C. fasciculata individuals, in a total of 240 m² of sampled canopies. In all, 3,610 spiders were collected and distributed in 24 families and 55 species. Anyphaenidae (43.3%; 6.5 ind./m 2 ), Pisauridae (16.2%; 2.4 ind./m 2 ), Araneidae (12.7%; 1.9 ind./m 2 ) and Salticidae (12.4%; 1.9 ind./m 2 ) were the most representative. Osoriella tahela Brescovit, 1998 was the most abundant species (12.2%). The nocturnal aerial runners of foliage (45.6%; 6.9 ind./m 2 ), nocturnal aerial ambushers of foliage (17.3%; 2.6 ind./m 2 ), aerial orb weavers (13.3%; 2.0 ind./m 2 ) and the diurnal aerial runners of foliage (12.5%; 1.9 ind./m 2 ) spiders represented the most abundant guilds. Signifi cant diff erences were observed in the composition of families and behavioral guilds, as well as abundance and richness among seasonal periods. The assemblage showed the highest abundance in receding water and highest species richness in high water period, probably related to the hydrologic cycle of the area and its infl uence on C. fasciculata phenology, indicating the importance of this plant species for spider's diversity maintenance in the Pantanal.KEYWORDS. Arthropods, biodiversity, nebulization, wetlands.RESUMO. Variação temporal na assembleia de aranhas (Arachnida, Araneae) em copas de Callisthene fasciculata (Vochysiaceae) no Pantanal brasileiro. Aranhas são predadoras, generalistas e apresentam elevada diversidade de estratégias de captura e forrageamento, bem como considerável riqueza de espécies em habitats tropicais. Apesar de, geralmente, não apresentarem relações específi cas com hospedeiros vegetais, suas assembleias podem ser infl uenciadas pela fenologia, estrutura e disponibilidade de recursos sobre o hospedeiro. Assim, este estudo analisou a variação temporal na estrutura e composição da assembleia de aranhas em copas de Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) em área de vegetação monodominante, ao longo dos períodos de cheia, vazante, seca e enchente na região norte do Pantanal de Mato Grosso, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas sobre 24 exemplares de C. fasciculata, seis em cada período sazonal, em 2010 e 2011, empregando-se a termonebulização de copas com inseticida. P...

Ground spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) associated with urban forest fragments in southern Amazon

“…According to Lessard-Therrien et al (2018), the structure and ecological conditions of habitats are fundamental for determining the occurrence of spiders, since, for the most part, they are generalist predators that use a wide variety of prey, even if prey populations are small (Sunderland & Samu 2003). The dominance of hunting spiders found in this study is common in studies investigating the composition and structure of spider assemblages (Castilho et al 2005, Battirola et al 2004, Sena et al 2010, Anjos et al 2017, Yamazaki et al 2017.…”

Coleopterans (Hexapoda, Coleoptera) associated with canopies of Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) in the Brazilian Pantanal

“…The absence of epiphytes, bird nests and colonies of social insects (e.g. ants, bees and termites) was also observed, according to the criteria proposed by Adis et al (1998), and the methodological procedures of Battirola et al (2004), and Yamazaki et al (2016Yamazaki et al ( , 2017. The entire diameter at the base of the trees was surrounded by nylon funnels (area of 1 m 2 each) distributed according to the reach and architecture of the canopy, totaling 120 m 2 of sample area (10 m² per sampled tree).…”

“…As discussed by Yamazaki et al (2016Yamazaki et al ( , 2017, C. fasciculata is a tree that reaches between four and 15 m in height and has a dark, thick and very rough bark (Pott & Pott 1994). The flowering period occurs between September and October, together with the dispersion of seeds generated in the previous year (Custódio et al 2014).…”

“…(Vochysiaceae) (Corsini & Guarim-Neto 2000). In these forest formations, considering the specific and in-depth discussions that each taxonomic group needs, specific results to some arthropod groups associated with C. fasciculata canopies have already been published as spiders (Yamazaki et al 2017), and ants (Yamazaki et al 2016). Despite this, evaluations with other taxonomic groups are still needed to know the real richness of species present in these region.…”

Canopy Ant Assemblage (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Two Vegetation Formations in the Northern Brazilian Pantanal

“…The structure of vegetation in monodominant and mixed-species habitats associated with seasonal flooding makes both, fauna and flora, present specific adaptations which allow for their survival in this type of habitat (Adis et al, 2001;Arieira & Nunes-da-Cunha, 2006;Battirola et al, 2007Battirola et al, , 2009Battirola et al, , 2017aRebellato et al, 2013;Tissiani et al, 2015). In the northern Pantanal region of Mato Grosso, specific strategies were recorded for different species of arthropods, including ants, involving vertical displacement to higher habitats such as tree trunks and canopies, horizontal displacement along the flood line (Adis et al, 2001;Wantzen et al 2016), and temporary displacement between terrestrial habitats (Meurer et al, 2015;Yamazaki et al, 2015Yamazaki et al, , 2016Yamazaki et al, , 2017.…”