Temporal Viability of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Eggs Using Two Hygroscopic Substances as Preservatives under a Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Program in Southern Mexico

Martínez-García, Eunice Nayeli; Díaz-González, Esteban E.; Marina, Carlos F.; Bond, J. Guillermo; Rodríguez‐Rojas, Jorge J.; Ponce‐García, Gustavo; Sánchez‐Casas, Rosa; Fernández‐Salas, Ildefonso

doi:10.3390/insects13010015

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…albopictus has spread from south Asia to at least 70 countries worldwide in recent decades [ 25 , 26 ]. SIT helps suppress mosquito populations, thereby reducing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases [ 27 ]. However, there are still many problems to be solved [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterility of Aedes albopictus by X-ray Irradiation as an Alternative to γ-ray Irradiation for the Sterile Insect Technique

Wang

Ren

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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The mosquito Aedes albopictus can transmit various arboviral diseases, posing a severe threat to human health. As an environmentally friendly method, sterile insect technology (SIT) is considered an alternative to traditional methods such as chemical pesticides to control Ae. albopictus. In SIT, the sterility of male mosquitoes can be achieved by γ-ray or X-ray radiation. Compared with γ-rays, X-rays are easier to obtain, cheaper, and less harmful. However, there is a lack of comparative assessment of these two types of radiation for SIT under the same controlled conditions. Here, we compared the effects of X-ray and γ-ray radiation on the sterility of Ae. albopictus males under laboratory-controlled conditions. Neither type of radiation affected the number of eggs but significantly reduced the survival time and hatch rate. The same dose of γ-rays caused a higher sterility effect on males than X-rays but had a more significant impact on survival. However, X-rays could achieve the same sterility effect as γ-rays by increasing the radiation dose. For example, X-rays of 60 Gy induced 99% sterility, similar to γ-rays of 40 Gy. In the test of male mating competitiveness, the induced sterility and the male mating competitiveness index were also identical at the same release ratio (sterile males/fertile males). At a release ratio of 7:1, nearly 80% of eggs failed to hatch. Sterile males produced by X-ray and γ-ray radiation had similar male competitiveness in competition with field males. In conclusion, a higher dose of X-rays is required to achieve the same sterility effect, compared to γ-rays. When γ-rays are not readily available, high-dose X-rays can be used instead. This study provides data supporting the selection of more suitable radiation for the field release of sterile male mosquitoes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterility of Aedes albopictus by X-ray Irradiation as an Alternative to γ-ray Irradiation for the Sterile Insect Technique

Wang

Ren

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Effect of Egg Irradiation on Development and Sterility of Wild-Type andWolbachiaTrans-InfectedAedes aegyptiMosquito Vectors

Kittayapong,

Ninphanomchai,

Thayanukul

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) and a combination become the alternative promising vector control approaches. In these approaches, the targeted mosquitoes need to be sterilized and released. So far, the irradiation of mosquitoes has been conducted at the pupae or adult stages. In this study, we investigated the possibility of the X-ray irradiation at the egg stage and also assessed the effect on the development and sterility of both wild-type and Wolbachia trans-infected Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors. Methodology/Principal Findings The eggs of Aedes aegypti, both wild-type and Wolbachia trans-infected lines, were irradiated using X-ray at the doses of 1, 3, 5 and 7 Gy. Development of immature stages was observed. For wild-type Aedes aegypti, X-ray irradiation at the doses from 3 Gy decreased the development of the first instar larvae and increased the development of the third instar larvae but there was no effect on pupae when compared to those of the controls (p < 0.05). For Wolbachia trans-infected ones, the irradiation dose as low as 1 Gy could increase the development of the forth-instar larvae while the irradiation dose of 7 Gy induced significantly high mortality in pupae. To assess sterility, males and females emerged from irradiated eggs were mated with the normal ones. Results showed that the irradiation doses for sterilization of Wolbachia trans-infected Ae. aegypti was lower than those of the wild-type ones. The egg hatch rate of both males and females could significantly be reduced from the irradiation dose of 5 Gy in Wolbachia trans-infected Ae. aegypti and 7 Gy in the wild-type ones. Conclusions/Significance Our findings revealed the possibility to sterilize both wild-type and Wolbachia trans-infected Ae. aegypti by applying a low-dose X-ray irradiation at the egg stage. Egg irradiation could make an implementation of SIT, IIT or combined IIT/SIT for vector control much more feasible as the sterile dry eggs are easier to distribute and operate when compared to other developmental stages of mosquitoes.

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Satellite Rearing ofAedesMosquito Eggs: Synchronized Empirical Test of a Novel Mass Rearing Model

Dobson¹,

Blore²,

Henke³

et al. 2023

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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Mosquito suppression strategies based on “rear and release” of male mosquitoes are attracting renewed interest from governments, municipalities, and private businesses. These include irradiation-based sterile insect technique, Wolbachia-based technologies, and genetic modification. Each of these approaches requires the mass rearing and release of adult male mosquitoes, which typically is accomplished via a rearing facility near the release site. Although some release programs have relied on centralized rearing and shipment of adult males, adult male mosquitoes are relatively fragile, and their fitness can be diminished by temperature fluctuations, humidity, nutritional deficiencies, and other stresses that occur during shipment. Furthermore, expensive, expedited shipment is typically used to maximize the amount of adult lifetime in the field following the release. In contrast, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus eggs can be desiccated and stored for long periods. They are small, and many millions of eggs can be shipped without specialized environmental conditions and using less expensive means. Here we examine a model in which mosquito eggs are centrally produced and then mailed to satellite rearing facilities. As a control, a replicate set of eggs was reared at the factory of origin. At each of the rearing sites, cloud-based software was used to track and compare rearing at the different locations. The results demonstrate similar rearing outcomes (i.e., egg hatch, immature development, and number of adult males) at each of the different sites for both species. We discuss the outcome in relation to downstream applications and potential future studies.

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Temporal Viability of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Eggs Using Two Hygroscopic Substances as Preservatives under a Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Program in Southern Mexico

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Sterility of Aedes albopictus by X-ray Irradiation as an Alternative to γ-ray Irradiation for the Sterile Insect Technique

Sterility of Aedes albopictus by X-ray Irradiation as an Alternative to γ-ray Irradiation for the Sterile Insect Technique

Effect of Egg Irradiation on Development and Sterility of Wild-Type andWolbachiaTrans-InfectedAedes aegyptiMosquito Vectors

Satellite Rearing ofAedesMosquito Eggs: Synchronized Empirical Test of a Novel Mass Rearing Model

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