Temporary expatriation is related to HIV-1 infection in rural Senegal

Kane, Fadel; Alary, Michel; Ndoye, Ibra; Coll, Awa; Mboup, Souleymane; Guèye, Alioune Badara; Kanki, Phyllis; Joly, J

doi:10.1097/00002030-199309000-00017

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Regarding the origin of sub-subtype A3, it is also interesting that we have identified sequences from a few other West and Central African countries that cluster with A3 viruses found in the Senegalese FSW cohort. This finding was not surprising given that Senegal has important trade and travel links with other parts of West Africa (20,46). It had been suggested that HIV-1 originally entered the Senegalese population through these routes via migrant workers (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This finding was not surprising given that Senegal has important trade and travel links with other parts of West Africa (20,46). It had been suggested that HIV-1 originally entered the Senegalese population through these routes via migrant workers (20). In addition, the evidence of A3 sequence in West Brittany, France, was also initially surprising and was the first indication of this virus in Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Molecular Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sub-Subtype A3 in Senegal from 1988 to 2001

Meloni

Sankalé

Hamel

et al. 2004

J Virol

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The global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)epidemic is characterized by significant genetic diversity in circulating viruses. We have recently characterized a group of viruses that form a distinct sub-subtype within the subtype A radiation, which we have designated HIV type 1 (HIV-1) sub-subtype A, circulating in West Africa. A prospective study of a cohort of female sex workers (FSW) in Dakar, Senegal over an 18-year period indicated that an A3-specific sequence in the C2-V3 region of the env gene was found in 46 HIV-1-infected women. HIV-1 sub-subtype A3 appeared in the FSW population as early as 1988 and continued to be transmitted as of 2001. We also found that HIV-1 A3 is not confined to the FSW cohort in Senegal but is also circulating in the general population in Dakar. Furthermore, analyses of viral sequences from a few other West and Central African countries also demonstrated evidence of HIV-1 A3 sequence in isolates from HIV-1-infected people in Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Niger, Guinea Bissau, Benin, and Equatorial Guinea. Overall, because of the evidence of sub-subtype A3 in the general population in Senegal, as well as in a few neighboring West and Central African countries, along with the increasing incidence of infection with A3-containing viruses in the Dakar high-risk FSW population, we feel that HIV-1 sub-subtype A3 viruses are important to distinguish and monitor.Molecular surveillance has revealed significant heterogeneity in the prevalence and geographic distribution of various subtypes worldwide (5,35,36). For example, subtype B viruses account for an estimated 12.3% of cases globally, but infections with this subtype are primarily seen in the Americas, Western Europe, and Australia (35). Conversely, subtype C viruses were estimated to have caused Ͼ47% of the worldwide infections, with the highest incidence in southern African countries, Ethiopia, and India (35). As with the nonrecombinant subtypes, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) also show founder effects and uneven geographic distributions. For example, CRF01_AE appears to be the cause of a high proportion of infections in Southeast Asia and seems to be largely confined to that area of the world with relatively little spread into other populations (35). In contrast, CRF02_AG contributes to a major number of new infections in West Africa and appears to be associated with rapidly spreading epidemics in West African countries (3,6,7,28,31,35,37). The underlying causes of the varied geographic distributions are most likely founder effects with other contributing factors, such as human population movements, unregulated commercial sex work, and intravenous drug use.Over the course of an 18-year prospective study monitoring a cohort of female sex workers (FSWs) in Dakar, Senegal, we found that the most prevalent circulating strain in the cohort is CRF02_AG, as seen in other parts of West Africa (2,6,7,28,31,35,37). However, recent work conducted in our lab revealed that a unique group of viruses within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sub-Subtype A3 in Senegal from 1988 to 2001

Meloni

Sankalé

Hamel

et al. 2004

J Virol

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“…12 Seasonal migration had been identified as a risk factor for HIV infections in rural Senegal in earlier studies (see Pison, Le Guenno, Lagarde, Enel & Seck, 1993). Already in 1989, 27% HIV prevalence was observed among a group of male expatriate migrant workers (and 11.3% prevalence among the females) in a rural community in northern Senegal (Kane et al, 1993). 13 A marabout is a personal spiritual leader in the Islam faith as practiced in West Africa, and is often a scholar of the Qur'an.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV-2 is less pathogenic and has a longer incubation period than HIV-1, yet from its first discovery it was acknowledged to pose as much of a threat to public health as the HIV-1 strain (Le Guenno, Pison, Enel, Lagarde & Seck, 1992). Later penetration of the HIV-1 virus is attributed mainly to the presence of infected migrant workers (Kane, Alary, Ndoye, Coll, M'boup, Guèye et al, 1993), particularly those from elsewhere in West or Central Africa. However, from the onset of the epidemic, Senegal showed distinctly lower levels of HIV prevalence when compared to its West African neighbours, such as Mali, Burkina Faso or Côte d'Ivoire (Meda, Ndoye, M'boup, Wade, Ndiaye, Niang et al, 1999).…”

Section: Historical Background Of Hiv and Aids In Senegalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of interdisciplinary collaborative research in responding to HIV/AIDS vulnerability in rural Senegal

Willems

2009

African Journal of AIDS Research

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HIV prevalence in Senegal is less than 1%, a success generally attributed to the country's quick response to the nascent epidemic of the 1980s and its continued efforts to curtail the spread of HIV. However, as the bulk of the healthcare infrastructure and support for HIV-positive individuals and AIDS patients are located in urban areas, there remains limited information on HIV and AIDS prevalence in rural areas. Several focus group discussions held with small-holder farmers in 2006, in the regions of Kolda and Tambacounda, Senegal, in the framework of a regional food-security development programme, revealed the growing vulnerability of rural populations to HIV and AIDS. Because current HIV/AIDS campaigns are strongly influenced by generalised, internationally formulated guidelines that fail to take into account the cultural particularities of the Senegalese context, the initial positive impact of these campaigns has dramatically decreased and at-risk behaviour in rural Senegal has been found to be on the increase. The article argues that in order for HIV/AIDS campaigns to have an impact there is an urgent need for evidence-based approaches built on a deeper understanding of the local socio-cultural situation through interdisciplinary research and collaboration.

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“…HIV infection is strongly associated with population mobility (UNAIDS/IOM 1998), including labor migration (Coffee et al 2005;Decosas et al 1995;Kane et al 1993;Lurie et al 2003;Pison et al 1993), change in residence (Bloom et al 2002;Boerma et al 2002;Kengeya-Kayondo et al 1996) and travel (Barongo et al 1992;Lagarde et al 2003;Lydie et al 2004;Nunn et al 1995;Quigley et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility and HIV-Related Sexual Behavior in Burkina Faso

Khan

Patnaik²,

Brown

et al. 2007

AIDS Behav

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This study compared HIV-related sexual behavior among mobile and non-mobile populations in Burkina Faso and identified venues where HIV/AIDS interventions targeting mobile individuals should be implemented. Men (N = 940) and women (N = 430) responded to a sexual behavior survey while socializing at venues where people meet sexual partners in eight Burkina Faso villages. Mobile women were more likely than nonmobile women to report new sexual partnerships (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR): 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-3.59) and transactional sex (adjusted POR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.55-3.42) in the past month. Mobility was most common and associations between mobility and sexual partnership levels were particularly strong among women interviewed in urban commercial towns situated near international borders. Mobile women were most likely to be interviewed at venues such as bars and clubs, making these appropriate locations for HIV/AIDS interventions.Mobility was not associated with HIV-related sexual behaviors among men.

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Temporary expatriation is related to HIV-1 infection in rural Senegal

Cited by 61 publications

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Molecular Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sub-Subtype A3 in Senegal from 1988 to 2001

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sub-Subtype A3 in Senegal from 1988 to 2001

The importance of interdisciplinary collaborative research in responding to HIV/AIDS vulnerability in rural Senegal

Mobility and HIV-Related Sexual Behavior in Burkina Faso

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