Temporary Marriage: Attitude and Tendency in Iran

Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh; Mostafa, Barari; Ghaffari, Arash; Purrezaian, Mehdi

doi:10.1080/10502556.2012.682907

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Sigheh is a religious principle in Islam and refers to a temporary matrimonial relationship. Most of the Iranian society does not approve of establishing such relationships (Ahmadi et al, 2012 ), and the payment of a dowry involved is likened to legalizing prostitution. Consequently, proposals for a Sigheh marriage are regarded as a type of sexual harassment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's experiences of sexual harassment in the retail clothing industry: a grounded theory study

Akbari,

Kaveh,

Cousins

2024

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionSexual harassment is a significant problem in workplaces all over the world. Women's reactions to sexual harassment are influenced by various factors. The aim of the current study was to investigate how women respond sexual harassment in the retail clothing industry.MethodsIn-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 16 women aged 23–44 years (mean 29.18 years) employed for at least 3 years in clothes shops in Shiraz, Iran. A grounded theory approach was used to analysis the data and raise hypotheses.ResultsThe main perpetrators of sexual harassment for female saleswomen were male customers. The women experienced conflict-induced stimulation (core phenomenon) when they were faced with sexual harassing behaviors (causal conditions). Such stimulation prompted three types of coping strategies: silence, avoidance, or confrontation. Intervening factors like the characteristics of the Iranian society (including family mores, state-imposed hijab regulations, patriarchal culture, educational system, and regulatory monitoring) and contextual factors (including individual and environmental factors and particularly employer expectations) were found to influence the selection of strategies used as well as their potential consequences in challenging situations.ConclusionThe current study used a grounded theory approach to produce an explanatory storyline that can be tested. Sexual harassment induces conflict-induced stimulation and responses are influenced by intervening conditions, contextual factors, selected strategies, and the perceived consequences of the response. The findings of the grounded theory study suggest that there are negative consequences, particularly in terms of lack of employer support and losing one's job, shame, and family disapproval which act as barriers for female saleswomen to counteracting sexual harassment from male customers. Such an understanding can also be applied to develop educational policies to support women as well as ameliorate the prevalence of this essentially illegal problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's experiences of sexual harassment in the retail clothing industry: a grounded theory study

Akbari,

Kaveh,

Cousins

2024

Front. Psychol.

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“…Iran is an Islamic society and officially became a theocracy (i.e., Islamic Republic) in 1979 (Ahmadi, Barari, et al, 2012). Thus, the culture of marital and family life in Iran is based on the religion of Islam (Katouzian, 2019).…”

Section: Marriage In Iran’s Cultural Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contemporary changes have led Iranians to adopt new attitudes toward marriage (Aghasi & FallahMinbashi, 2015). In contrast with an emphasis on extended family, Iranian families have become more nuclearized in form and more vulnerable in durability (Ahmadi, Barari, et al, 2012; Ahmadi, Ghasemi, et al, 2012). Although marriage was previously considered a sexual relationship and avenue to raising children, currently, Iranians strive to create an idealized married life of love, empathy and companionship (Kazemipour, 2009).…”

Section: Marriage In Iran’s Cultural Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Year Follow‐Up of the Efficacy of the PREP Training on Iranian Newlyweds

Fallahchai

Fallahi

Badiee

2020

J Marital Family Therapy

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The aim of the present study was to replicate the efficacy of the Prevention and Relationship Education Program (PREP) training on marital satisfaction and dyadic adjustment among a group of Iranian newlyweds. One hundred and sixty heterosexual couples (N = 320 participants) were randomly assigned to an experimental or a wait list control group. Data from one hundred and forty‐eight couples were analyzed. Participants completed the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (The Family Journal, 1, 1993, 196–207) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (The Journal of Sex Research, 39, 1976, 190–196) at pretest, posttest, 1‐year follow‐up, and 2‐year follow‐up. Results indicated that mean marital satisfaction and dyadic adjustment scores between the experimental and control groups were significantly different at posttest. Therefore, PREP training improved marital satisfaction and dyadic adjustment of couples at posttest. The data suggests that PREP training program can be introduced as an effective relationship education program for Iranian newlyweds.

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“…Because this phenomena is illegal in Iran, there is no clear evidence about it. In addition, there is an ambiguous overlap between prostitution and other forms of sexual relationship such as temporary marriage which is legal but informal in the context of Iran, 21 white marriage 22 and bondswoman. There is yet another type of illegal sexual relationship, where girls or divorced women who have emotional problems or sexual needs, temporarily go out with a boy and have secret sexual relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience of violence among street prostitutes: a qualitative study in Shiraz, Iran

et al. 2019

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:Background:Female Sex workers (FSWs) are a marginalized group. Although some studies have shown various types of violence against sex workers, it is a subject which needs more in-depth knowledge.Methods:This is a conventional content study conducted on 18 street sex workers in Shiraz, Iran. Results:The present study observed that sex workers had extensive experience in five forms of violence: physical, barbaric, psychological, sexual, deception and robbery. Moreover, violence was deep-rooted in their previous experiences prior to becoming a prostitute, leading to the formation of yet another type of violence, called hidden slavery with male or female pimps.Conclusions:To improve the general health of this group, it is recommended that they be supported by social institutions and be provided with psychological consultations.

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Temporary Marriage: Attitude and Tendency in Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Women's experiences of sexual harassment in the retail clothing industry: a grounded theory study

Women's experiences of sexual harassment in the retail clothing industry: a grounded theory study

Two‐Year Follow‐Up of the Efficacy of the PREP Training on Iranian Newlyweds

Experience of violence among street prostitutes: a qualitative study in Shiraz, Iran

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