Temporomandibular Joint Osseous Morphology of Class I and Class II Malocclusions in the Normal Skeletal Pattern: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Abstract

(1) Background—The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous morphology of normal skeletal pattern individuals with different dental malocclusions by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (2) Methods—The CBCT images of bilateral TMJs in 67 subjects with skeletal class I and average mandibular angle (26 males and 41 females, age range 20–49 years) were evaluated in this study. The subjects were divided into class I, class II division 1, and class II division 2 according to the molar relationship and retroclination of the maxillary incisors. Angular and linear measurements of TMJ were evaluated and the differences between the groups were statistically analyzed. (3) Results—Intragroup comparisons showed statistical differences for articular eminence inclination, the width of the glenoid fossa, the ratio of the width of the glenoid fossa to the depth of the glenoid fossa, the condylar angle, and the intercondylar angle between the malocclusion groups. The measurements of the glenoid fossa shape showed no significant difference between the left and right sides. Females showed more differences in the morphological parameters of TMJ between the three malocclusion groups than the males. (4) Conclusion—The present study revealed differences in the TMJ osseous morphology between dental class I and class II malocclusions in the normal skeletal pattern.

Changes of Temporomandibular Joint Morphology and Symptoms in Class II Malocclusion Patients With Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramous Osteotomy

“…28 The articular fossa limits the range of motion of the condyle. 29 In our study, the depth of the articular fossa and the degree of articular nodule was positively correlated with the condyle volume, which was consistent with the conclusion of previous studies that the articular fossa was correlated with the condyle size.…”

Assessment of the Morphology and Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint Using CBCT according to the Orthodontic Approach: A Scoping Review

“…In all studies, with one exception [22], the studied population consisted of both women and men. In half of the papers, the CBCT study was analyzed with more than 1 investigator [34,35,40,56,57,59,60]. The most commonly evaluated variables were the height and angle of the articular eminence and depth and width of the glenoid fossa.…”

“…Most often, a decrease in the angle of the articular eminence was observed compared to the control group in skeletal and dental class II malocclusions [34,57]. In contrary, Fan et al [59] presented in their study that class II/2 patients were associated with the highest articular eminence inclination. Gorucu-Coskuner et al [51] showed a deeper and wider glenoid fossa in class II division 1 malocclusions compared with skeletal class II division 2 groups.…”

“…One study showed larger values of the glenoid fossa height compared with skeletal class II [55]. Two other studies stated that the widest glenoid fossa is commonly seen in skeletal class I [59,61] .…”

“…Of the papers included in the systematic review, 15 articles investigated the correlation of joint eminence/fossa features, as assessed by CBCT, with maxillofacial morphology and malocclusion. These papers were published between 2013 and 2021 and focused on populations from China [22,46,59], Brazil [35,40], Peru [34], South Korea [24,54,55], Egypt [56,57], Turkey [51], India [49], Italy [60], and Iran [61]. Sample sizes ranged from 28 [51] to 213 [40] patients.…”