Temporomandibular joint repositioning and exercise performance

McArdle, William D.; Goldstein, Leonard B; LAST, FRED C.; Spina, Robert J.; Lichtman, Steven W.; Meyer, James E.; BERGER, AL I.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198406000-00006

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Finally, 2 mm increase in vertical dimension was determined as the thickness of mouthguard in this study. However, the present study found that no significant change in maximum anaerobic power or muscular ability at the knee joint occurred when 2 mm raised full-coverage mouthguards were applied, which is consistent with previous findings that a vertical increase in mandibular position was not related to physical performance 25,26,35. Based on these results, a 2 mm increase in vertical position of the mandible is thought to have little systemic effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, some studies based on double-blind tests reported inconsistent and non-significant results, and argued that previously reported positive effects of intraoral appliances were due to placebo effects resulting from inadequate experimental designs such as lack of double-blind method. 25 , 26 On the other hand, Abduljabbar et al in a placebo controlled study found that when a mouthguard was applied in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with loss of vertical dimension in several occlusal conditions, strengths of shoulder and knee joints improved significantly. 27 Thus, controversy over the systemic effects of intraoral appliances including mouthguards persists, 28 and although many studies supported the positive systemic effects of intraoral appliances, it is difficult to draw a solid conclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the characteristics of mouthguards that affect isokinetic muscular ability and anaerobic power

2013

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PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of occlusal stability to identify action mechanisms of mouthguards, known to have a modulatory effect on limb muscle function.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study included 20 male subjects to perform the isokinetic muscle tests and the Wingate anaerobic power test on both knee joints under five closed-mouth conditions: without or with 4 types of mouthguards with thickness of 2 mm based on premolar area: (1) full-coverage, (2) anterior partial-coverage, (3) right posterior partial-coverage, and (4) left posterior partial-coverage. The obtained results were subjected to One-way ANOVA with repeated measures, followed by post hoc test of the contrast method (α=.05).RESULTSThere was no significant difference between the closed position with and without a full-coverage mouthguard in all variables. However, significant differences were observed between with and without a partial-coverage mouthguard in muscular endurance during extension of the left knee, muscular power and endurance during flexion of the right knee. Additionally, significant differences were found between occlusal states with full- and partial-coverage mouthguards in muscular power and endurance during extension of the left knee.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate the elevation of vertical dimension by 2 mm or the inducement of occlusal stability had little effect on isokinetic muscle strength and anaerobic performance, while uneven distribution of occlusal force might have some positive effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the characteristics of mouthguards that affect isokinetic muscular ability and anaerobic power

2013

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“…These data are consistent with the observation that sensorimotor signals elicited during isometric clenching are very effective in increasing the excitability of spinal motoneurons (Miyahara et al, 1996). On the other hand, correction of TMJ disorders by splints does not seem to affect motor performance (McArdle et al, 1984), while there is evidence that changes in the occlusal condition may affect locomotion (Okubo et al, 2010; Maurer et al, 2015) and the associated postural stabilization in normal subjects (Ohlendorf et al, 2014), as well as the overall motility in Parkinsonian patients (Nomoto et al, 2013). Finally, recent evidence indicates that in subjects showing an unbalance in sensorimotor orofacial activity (consisting in an asymmetric activation of left and right masseter muscles during clenching) the reestablishment of a symmetric condition by bite wearing enhances the speed of execution in a complex sensorimotor task (De Cicco et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbalanced Occlusion Modifies the Pattern of Brain Activity During Execution of a Finger to Thumb Motor Task

et al. 2019

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In order to assess possible influences of occlusion on motor performance, we studied by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the changes in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal induced at brain level by a finger to thumb motor task in a population of subjects characterized by an asymmetric activation of jaw muscles during clenching (malocclusion). In these subjects, appropriate occlusal correction by an oral orthotic (bite) reduced the masticatory asymmetry. The finger to thumb task was performed while the subject’s dental arches were touching, in two conditions: (a) with the teeth in direct contact (Bite OFF) and (b) with the bite interposed between the arches (Bite ON). Both conditions required only a very slight activation of masticatory muscles. Maps of the BOLD signal recorded during the movement were contrasted with the resting condition (activation maps). Between conditions comparison of the activation maps (Bite OFF/Bite ON) showed that, in Bite OFF, the BOLD signal was significantly higher in the trigeminal sensorimotor region, the premotor cortex, the cerebellum, the inferior temporal and occipital cortex, the calcarine cortex, the precuneus on both sides, as well as in the right posterior cingulate cortex. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that malocclusion makes movement performance more difficult, leading to a stronger activation of (a) sensorimotor areas not dealing with the control of the involved body part, (b) regions planning the motor sequence, and (c) the cerebellum, which is essential in motor coordination. Moreover, the findings of a higher activation of temporo-occipital cortex and precuneus/cingulus, respectively, suggest that, during malocclusion, the movement occurs with an increased visual imagery activity, and requires a stronger attentive effort.

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“…Other studies, in turn, have failed to observe alteration of muscle strength as a result of the use of oral appliances ( Cetin et al, 2009 ; Allen et al, 2014 ; Golem and Arent, 2015 ), thus questioning the aforementioned ergogenic effects. These results are further reinforced by studies using double-blind tests which claimed that performance enhancements by use of MORAs and other stabilizing splints are simply a result of placebo effects ( Burkett and Bernstein, 1983 ; Allen et al, 1984 ; McArdle et al, 1984 ; Chiodo and Rosenstein, 1986 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Significant increases in muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities and improvements in vertical jump height have been observed for athletes wearing oral devices. Some of this work has been criticized, however, primarily because of weak experimental design and lack of control conditions ( Jakush, 1982 ; McArdle et al, 1984 ). Other studies, in turn, have failed to observe alteration of muscle strength as a result of the use of oral appliances ( Cetin et al, 2009 ; Allen et al, 2014 ; Golem and Arent, 2015 ), thus questioning the aforementioned ergogenic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of oral motor activity on the athletic performance of professional golfers

et al. 2015

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Human motor control is based on complex sensorimotor processes. Recent research has shown that neuromuscular activity of the craniomandibular system (CMS) might affect human motor control. In particular, improvements in postural stability and muscle strength have been observed as a result of voluntary jaw clenching. Potential benefits of jaw aligning appliances on muscle strength and golf performance have also been described. These reports are highly contradictory, however, and the oral motor task performed is often unclear. The purpose of our study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of submaximum biting on golf performance via shot precision and shot length over three different distances. Participants were 14 male professional golfers – seven with sleep bruxism and seven without – randomly performing golf shots over 60m, 160m, or driving distance while either biting on an oral splint or biting on their teeth; habitual jaw position served as the control condition. Statistical analysis revealed that oral motor activity did not systematically affect golf performance in respect of shot precision or shot length for 60m, 160 m, or driving distance. These findings were reinforced by impact variables such as club head speed and ball speed, which were also not indicative of significant effects. The results thus showed that the strength improvements and stabilizing effects described previously are, apparently, not transferable to such coordination-demanding sports as golf. This could be due to the divergent motor demands associated with postural control and muscle strength on the one hand and the complex coordination of a golf swing on the other. Interestingly, subjects without sleep bruxism performed significantly better at the short distance (60 m) than those with bruxism. Because of the multifactorial etiology of parafunctional CMS activity, conclusions about the need for dental treatment to improve sports performance are, however, completely unwarranted.

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Temporomandibular joint repositioning and exercise performance

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of the characteristics of mouthguards that affect isokinetic muscular ability and anaerobic power

Analysis of the characteristics of mouthguards that affect isokinetic muscular ability and anaerobic power

Unbalanced Occlusion Modifies the Pattern of Brain Activity During Execution of a Finger to Thumb Motor Task

The effect of oral motor activity on the athletic performance of professional golfers

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