Ten Months of Exercise Improves General and Visceral Adiposity, Bone, and Fitness in Black Girls

Barbeau, Paule; Johnson, Maribeth H.; Howe, Cheryl A.; Allison, J. B.; Davis, Catherine L.; Gutin, Bernard; Lemmon, Christian R.

doi:10.1038/oby.2007.247

Cited by 162 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although seemingly important for assessing the dynamics of an intervention [20], only four of the studies suggested a theoretical foundation and/or reported change in a psychosocial predictor of a health behavior (e.g., self-efficacy for participation). In agreement with the aforementioned meta-analysis of all obesity prevention interventions meeting the inclusion criteria [12], the mean effect size for body composition change was very small (ES=0.04), with only two (22 %) demonstrating a significant effect [21,22]. Additionally, the mean effect size was small for both fitness changes (ES=0.16) and psychosocial predictors (ES=0.08).…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

Effects of an after-school care-administered physical activity and nutrition protocol on body mass index, fitness levels, and targeted psychological factors in 5- to 8-year-olds

Annesi

Smith²,

Walsh

et al. 2015

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Over one third of U.S. youth are overweight or obese. Treatments typically have had unreliable effects, inconsistently incorporating behavior-change theory. After-school care might be a viable setting for health behavior-change programs. We evaluated effects of two consecutive 12-week segments of a revised self-efficacy/ social cognitive theory-based physical activity and nutrition treatment on fitness levels, body mass index (BMI), and targeted psychosocial factors in after-school care participants, ages 5-8 years. Changes in physiological measures, exercise self-efficacy (ESE), and physical selfconcept over 9 months were contrasted in experimental (n=72) vs. typical-care (n=42) groups. Mediation of the group-BMI change relationship by the psychosocial factors was also assessed. Improvements in physiological measures and ESE were significantly greater in the experimental group. ESE change completely mediated the association of treatment type with BMI change. The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in the physiological measures, with its treatment's theoretical basis and application within afterschool care supported. KeywordsBMI, Physical activity, Psychological factors, Youth, Self-efficacy, ChildrenThe prevalence of children being either overweight (body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 )≥85th<95th sex-and age-adjusted percentile) or obese (≥95th percentile) [1] is an increasing concern in industrialized nations [2]. A high weight at a young age predicts overweight, obesity, and increased health risks into and throughout adulthood [2][3][4].U.S. government data indicate that approximately 35 % of White children of ages 6 through 11 years are either overweight or obese, with their African-American and Hispanic counterparts higher at an average of about 40 % [5]. Although adequate physical activity and a healthy diet will promote a healthy weight, children now consume a preponderance of unhealthy foods that are high in fat, sugar, and calories [6], and active free-play has been reduced through increased screen time and parents' concerns for safety when unsupervised [7]. Although recess provided in elementary schools varies by state, schools have a clear opportunity to increase physical activity levels and improve nutrition in children of that age group [7,8]. However, they have been either unwilling or unable to consistently provide healthy foods [6], and even when physical education (P.E.) time has not been reduced (as has been a trend [8]), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during such classes has been minimal [9] with only 8 to 11 % of a child's daily physical activity provided by P.E. [10]. Accelerometer-measured data indicate that for U.S. children of ages 6 through 11 years, only about half the boys and one third of the girls attain the recommended amount of moderate or more intense physical activity of 60 min/day, 5 or more days per week [11]. Implications Practice: For young elementary school students, after-school care can, and should, provide moderate-to-vigorous phys...

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supporting

confidence: 50%

Effects of an after-school care-administered physical activity and nutrition protocol on body mass index, fitness levels, and targeted psychological factors in 5- to 8-year-olds

Annesi

Smith²,

Walsh

et al. 2015

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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“…37 Evidence from intervention studies support that PA in children and adolescents reduces total and central body fat. [38][39][40][41][42] According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, adolescents must achieve at least 60 min day À1 of MVPA. 18 Indeed, findings of this study support these recommendations, showing that adolescents engaged in at least 60 min day À1 MVPA have a healthier body composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of objectively assessed physical activity with total and central body fat in Spanish adolescents; The HELENA Study

et al. 2009

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Objectives: To examine the association of objectively assessed physical activity (PA) with markers of total and central body fat in adolescents, and to determine whether meeting the current PA recommendations (X60 min day À1 of at least moderate intensity PA) is associated with reduced levels of total and central body fat. Subjects/Methods: A total of 365 Spanish adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 years participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was assessed by accelerometry and expressed as average PA (counts per minute), and min day À1 of light, moderate, moderate to vigorous (MVPA) and vigorous PA. MVPA was dichotomized into o60 min day À1 and X60. Total body fat was measured by DXA, BodPod and the sum of six skinfolds. Central body fat was measured by DXA at three regions (R1, R2 and R3), and waist circumference. Results: All markers of central body fat were negatively associated with vigorous PA (Po0.01) after controlling for sex, age and pubertal status. Abdominal adiposity measured at R1, R2 and R3 was also negatively associated with MVPA (Pp0.001), and with average PA (Po0.01). All markers of total body fat were negatively associated with vigorous PA (Po0.01), MVPA (Po0.01) and average PA (Po0.05). Adolescents engaged on at least 60 min day À1 MVPA presented lower levels of total (Po0.05) and central body fat (Pp0.01). Conclusions:The results suggest that vigorous PA may have a greater effect on preventing obesity in adolescents than does PA of lower intensity, whereas both average PA and at least moderate PA may have an impact on total and central body fat in youth.

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“…Moreover, the greatest impact on body composition and fitness were found in the youths who maintained the highest heart rates. 17 The role of stem cell differentiation in the development of obesity…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet vs exercise for the prevention of pediatric obesity: the role of exercise

Gutin

2010

Int J Obes

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As pediatric obesity is commonly viewed as the result of an excessively positive energy balance, preventive efforts typically emphasize reduction of energy intake, with increases in physical activity (PA) having a supporting role. However, recent research that has focused on body composition rather than weight has found that PA stimulates development of lean tissue rather than fat tissue. Preventive interventions that emphasize vigorous PA rather than restriction of energy intake can help youths to develop lean bodies, at the same time that they ingest sufficient amounts of the energy and accompanying nutrients needed for healthy growth.

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Ten Months of Exercise Improves General and Visceral Adiposity, Bone, and Fitness in Black Girls

Cited by 162 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of an after-school care-administered physical activity and nutrition protocol on body mass index, fitness levels, and targeted psychological factors in 5- to 8-year-olds

Effects of an after-school care-administered physical activity and nutrition protocol on body mass index, fitness levels, and targeted psychological factors in 5- to 8-year-olds

Association of objectively assessed physical activity with total and central body fat in Spanish adolescents; The HELENA Study

Diet vs exercise for the prevention of pediatric obesity: the role of exercise

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