Ten-year epidemiological study of ocular and orbital tumors in Chiba University Hospital

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study is to determine the epidemiology of tumors of the ocular adnexa and orbit in Japan. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on the histopathological reports in the medical records of the Chiba University Hospital from April 2009 to March 2019. Three hundred and seventy two records were examined. In addition, we examined the annual changes in the major types of tumors including malignant lymphomas and IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RDs). Results There were 270 conjunctival or eyelid tumors with 166 benign and 104 malignant. There were 102 orbital tumors with 55 benign, 47 malignant tumors, and 21 cases of IgG4-RDs. Ten cases of adenoma (2.7%), another benign tumor, was also diagnosed. The major malignant tumors were malignant lymphoma in 74 cases, sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) in 28 cases, basal cell carcinoma in 15 cases, and squamous cell carcinoma in 8 cases. The SGCs were the most common malignant eyelid tumor at 54%. Among the malignant lymphomas, extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type, MALT lymphomas, was the most common at 51 cases and the second most common was the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma at 11 cases. The ratio of MALT lymphomas to that of all malignant lymphomas increased significantly with years. The serum IgG4 values were measured more often in the last 5 years (70%) than in the former 5 years (33%). Conclusions We conclude that malignant lymphoma is a major malignant tumor in Japan and pathological biopsies should be done proactively to prevent missing IgG4-positive MALT lymphomas.

Local recurrence as extraocular muscle lymphoma after 6 years of chronic myositis: a case report

“…Malignant lymphoma is the most common malignancy in the ocular adnexa, and MALT lymphoma has the highest incidence [ 1 ]. The orbit is the most common primary site of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma (46.3–62%), with different studies reporting the conjunctiva (23.4–38%) or lacrimal glands (17.2–34.7%) as the next most common site, followed by eyelids (8.3–18.8%) [ 2 – 4 ].…”

“…Some researchers believe that malignant lymphoma occurs in the setting of IgG4-related inflammation, whereas other reports indicate that lymphoma cells are capable of producing IgG4, either coexistent or not with benign IgG4-positive cells [ 17 – 19 ]. Moreover, serum IgG4 testing rate has increased significantly in the last 5 years (70%) compared to the previous 5 years (33%), reflecting the growing attention of IgG4-related disease which can provide a substrate for the emergence of lymphoma [ 1 ].…”

Two Advancement Flaps for Eyelid Margin Reconstruction of Small and Medium Defects and a Novel Design to Reduce Ocular Injury

“…Patients' age; gender; lesion location, depth, and size; outcomes; and follow-up time were collected in medical records. Outcomes including asymmetry, eyelid distortion or deformity, eyelash discontinuity, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, disability of opening and closing the eyelid, ocular discomfort, entropion or ectropion, eyelid retraction, trichiasis, and recurrence were assessed by two plastic surgeons and scored none (0), slight (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). For VSS, 0-3 was none; 4-6 was slight; 7-9 was moderate; and 10-13 was severe.…”

“…Among malignant tumors, basal cell carcinoma is the most common type (around 80%). [3][4][5] Most benign tumor resections leave defects of less than 50% of the eyelid width, whereas malignant tumors always result in larger defects. The classification of eyelid defects is conventionally based on their horizontal width relative to the eyelid width: small defects are less than 25% of the eyelid width, medium defects are 25-50%, and large defects are more than 50%.…”

Proteotranscriptomics of ocular adnexal B-cell lymphoma reveals an oncogenic role of alternative splicing and identifies a diagnostic marker

“…Most OALs are B-cell lymphomas. Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) is the most frequent subtype of OABL (55–69%), followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (10–15%) [ 3 – 6 ].…”