Ten-year Follow-up of Blood Lead Levels with Medical Removal Protection of Shipyard Workers

Yang, Tsan; Tung, Ho-Jui; Shyr, Jiann-Chian; Lai, Ching‐Huang; Loh, Ching‐Hui; Liou, Saou-Hsing

doi:10.2486/indhealth.43.611

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since most Western boats are made of metal, lead contamination in the boat building and repair industry usually occur during the painting and welding processes. Previous studies have shown that workers involved in these tasks are especially prone to increased blood lead concentrations (Nosal and Wilhelm 1990;Yang et al 2005;Hall 2006). Traditional caulking on wooden vessels in Western countries involves the use of only cotton fibers, and oakum (hemp fiber soaked in pine tar).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Twenty-six tons of lead oxide used per year in wooden boat building and repairing in southern Thailand

Chongsuvivatwong

Kaeosanit

Untimanon

2010

Environ Geochem Health

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In southern Thailand, the wooden boat building and repair industry uses powdered lead oxide (Pb(3)O(4,) or red lead) in the caulking process. This had been shown to be a significant source of contamination in the workplace and the communities. This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the amount of lead oxide used in the region and to document the management of hazardous waste product in this industry. All boatyards in southern Thailand registered to the Ministry of Industry were visited with walk-through observation. After consent, questionnaire-based interviews were conducted among workers and boatyard owners who rented out the space for building and repairing the boats. Of the 63 active boatyards identified, approximately 26 tons of lead oxide was used to repair approximately 8,000 boats each year. Due to the casual employment system in this industry, no facility for the protection of workers and the environment from lead contamination exists. The findings indicate the need for further studies on the extent of contamination in the broader area. Intervention programmes are also urgently needed to reduce the release of this hazardous waste into the community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Twenty-six tons of lead oxide used per year in wooden boat building and repairing in southern Thailand

Chongsuvivatwong

Kaeosanit

Untimanon

2010

Environ Geochem Health

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“…Previous studies have shown that workers involved in these tasks are especially prone to increased blood lead concentrations [1][2][3] . The repair of wooden boats in Thailand also involves the use of lead but in the form of powdered lead oxide (Pb 3 O 4 , plumboplumbic oxide, or red lead) as a component in the caulking material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers

Untimanon¹,

Geater

Chongsuvivatwong

et al. 2012

Journal of Occupational Health

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Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers: Orrapan UNTIMANON, et al. Bureau of Occupational and EnvironmentalDiseases, Ministry of Public Health, ThailandObjectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the relative contributions to surface lead contamination of boat-caulkers' houses of three contamination modes, namely "take-home" lead from the caulker, "natural" spatial dispersal from boatyard to household and "redistribution" of accumulated lead-laden dust within the house. Methods: Boat-caulkers' houses situated in areas surrounding boat repair yards were recruited. Caulkers' houses that were located close together were divided into location-matched pairs, within which one was randomly assigned to be given a cleaning and designated a CL house, and the other was to be left uncleaned and designated a NCL house. Geographically isolated caulker's houses were randomly assigned to one of the two categories. The nearest non-boatyard worker's house (NB) was additionally recruited for each set. The surface lead loading rate (SLLR), defined as the mass of lead deposited in dust per unit area of surface per unit time, was measured over a period of 3 mo in all houses, and the data were modeled using linear mixed effects regression. Results: Adjusted values of SLLR differed only slightly between CL and NCL houses (0.96 to 1.02 times) but were between 1.65 and 2.03 times higher in CL and NCL houses than in NB houses depending on proximity to the boatyard and between 2.12 and 2.61 times higher in houses within one km of a boatyard than in more distant houses depending on category of house. Conclusions: Newly deposited dust lead likely resulted from the take-home and spatial dispersion modes. The contribution of

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Emerging aspects of assessing lead poisoning in childhood

Jones¹

2008

EHTJ

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This review covers the epidemiology of lead poisoning in children on a global scale. Newer sources of lead poisoning are identified. The methods that are used to assess a population of children exposed to lead are discussed, together with the ways of undertaking an exposure risk assessment; this includes assessing the time course and identifying sources of lead exposure. Human assessment measures for lead toxicity, such as blood lead concentrations, deciduous tooth lead, and use of zinc protoporphyrin estimations are evaluated. The role of isotopic fingerprinting techniques for identifying environmental sources of exposure is discussed. Among emerging data on the cognitive and behavioral effects of lead on children, the review considers the growing evidence of neurocognitive dysfunction with blood lead concentrations even below 10 µg/dl. The challenge of assessing and explaining the risk that applies to an individual as opposed to a population is discussed. Intervention strategies to mitigate risk from lead are examined together with the limited role for and limitations of chelation therapy for lead. Lessons learned from managing a population lead-dust exposure event in Esperance, Western Australia in 2007 are discussed throughout the review.

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Ten-year Follow-up of Blood Lead Levels with Medical Removal Protection of Shipyard Workers

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Twenty-six tons of lead oxide used per year in wooden boat building and repairing in southern Thailand

Twenty-six tons of lead oxide used per year in wooden boat building and repairing in southern Thailand

Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers

Emerging aspects of assessing lead poisoning in childhood

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