Ten-Year Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in the Honolulu Heart Program

Abstract

Nutrient intake was determined in over 8000 men of Japanese ancestry residing on the island of Oahu. Nutrient determination took place at the initial examination during the years 1965-1968. This report relates nutrient intake to the risk of developing coronary heart disease in the 10 years subsequent to the initial examination. Men who developed coronary heart disease had a lower average intake of calories, carbohydrates, starch, and vegetable protein than men who remained free of coronary heart disease. Men who developed coronary heart disease also had a higher mean intake of percentage of calories from protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids than men who remained free of coronary heart disease. These men also had a significantly lower mean percentage of calories from carbohydrates and a higher mean ingestion of cholesterol per 1000 calories than men who remained free of coronary heart disease. In multivariate analyses including age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarettes smoked per day, and physical activity index, carbohydrates, vegetable protein, percentage of calories from saturated fatty acids, and percentage of calories from polyunsaturated fatty acids are no longer significantly related to incidence.

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, dietary content, and risk factors that cause a predisposition towards cardiovascular disease

“…The weak association observed between dietary consumption of cholesterol and variation in plasma levels of lipid-lipoprotein produced consistent results according to some studies 31,39 , but contradictory results according to others 41,42 . These findings confirm that, despite high individual variability, the ingestion of cholesterol in the diet has a lower association with serum cholesterol than any other dietary component.…”

Intake of milk fat, reflected in adipose tissue fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: a case–control study

“…It has been difficult, however, to demonstrate a clear relationship between intake of saturated fat and risk of cardiovascular disease in large observational studies. A significant positive association was found in two prospective studies (McGee et al, 1984;Kushi et al, 1985), but in others, weak or no association were found (Garcia-Palmieri et al, 1980;Gordon et al, 1981;Shekelle et al, 1981;Kromhout and de Lezenne, 1984;McGee et al, 1984;Kushi et al, 1985;Ascherio et al, 1996;Hu et al, 1997;Pietinen et al, 1997 HDL ratio, serum triglycerides and blood pressure, associated with dairy products (Smedman et al, 1999;Mennen et al, 2000;Pereira et al, 2002), andElwood et al (2004), suggesting that consumption of milk products may be associated with a small reduction in risk of heart disease and stroke.Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) are characteristic for milk fat. They are synthesized by the bacterial flora in the rumen of ruminants (Wu and Palmquist, 1991), and cannot be synthesized in the human body.…”

Synergistic effects of depressed mood and obesity on long-term cardiovascular risks in 1510 obese men and women: results from the MONICA–KORA Augsburg Cohort Study 1984–1998

“…21 However, some prospective population-based studies failed to confirm the independent influence of obesity on fatal outcomes. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Among others, undefined confounding risk factors associated with obesity and CHD risk might account for these inconsistencies. We assumed that negative affectivity, basically depression, may play a crucial role to elucidate the gap between biological plausibility and clinical outcomes of obesity.…”