Ten-years cardiovascular risk among Bangladeshi population using non-laboratory-based risk chart of the World Health Organization: Findings from a nationally representative survey

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently developed a non-laboratory based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk chart considering the parameters age, sex, current smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index. Using the chart, we estimated the 10-years CVD risk among the Bangladeshi population aged 40–74 years. We analyzed data from a nationally representative survey conducted in 2018–19. The survey enrolled participants from 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban, and 10 slums) selected by multistage cluster sampling. Using the non-laboratory-based CVD risk chart of the World Health Organization (WHO), we categorized the participants into 5 risk groups: very low (<5%), low (5% to <10%), moderate (10% to <20%), high (20% to <30%) and very high (> = 30%) risk. We performed descriptive analyses to report the distribution of CVD risk and carried out univariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with elevated CVD risk (> = 10% CVD risk). Of the 7,381 participants, 46.0% were female. The median age (IQR) was 59.0 (48.0–64.7) years. Overall, the prevalence of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high CVD risk was 34.7%, 37.8%, 25.9%, 1.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. Elevated CVD risk (> = 10%) was associated with poor education, currently unmarried, insufficient physical inactivity, smokeless tobacco use, and self-reported diabetes in both sexes, higher household income, and higher sedentary time among males, and slum-dwelling and non-Muslim religions among females. One in every four Bangladeshi adults had elevated levels of CVD risk, and males are at higher risk of occurring CVD events. Non-laboratory-based risk prediction charts can be effectively used in low resource settings. The government of Bangladesh and other developing countries should train the primary health care workers on the use of WHO non-laboratory-based CVD risk charts, especially in settings where laboratory tests are not available.

Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors Among Working Adults in Dhaka City: A Cross-sectional Survey

“…This result corresponds with all nationally representative surveys and other studies. 4,3,16,25 The possible reasons could be that more sedentary activities are common among women, but we could not discuss this issue in the present study.…”

Do obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia pose significant risks for coronary artery disease among Bangladeshi diabetics?

“…Higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 DM was 37.4% (95% CI: 31.4-43.8) in Iran [10]. Another study from Bangladesh reported the prevalence of CAD as 17.2% [11]. The study found that it had no significant difference between gender and CAD.…”

“…The measures of obesity (BMI, WHtR), blood pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP) and TG were higher in women than men and consistent with the higher prevalence of CAD in women, though the difference was not significant. Most of the cited studies reported higher CAD prevalence in men than women [5,7,10,11]. This contradictory finding could have been explained if in the study there were equal numbers of female participants from rural population.…”

Comparison of laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based WHO cardiovascular disease risk charts: a population-based study

“…The present study findings demonstrated that the non-laboratory-based model could be used instead of the laboratory-based model. Thus, CVDs risk assessment can be done using the non-laboratory-based model in settings with low resources [ 28 ]. Kariuki et al also disclosed that the non-lab based model decreased the costs by 11% compared to the laboratory-based model [ 29 ].…”