“…If the study was judged to have 'some concerns' for multiple domains in a way that substantially lowered confidence in the result, then the study was given an overall 'high' risk of bias (see File S8). For the remainder of the studies (Brown et al, 2015;Collard et al, 2014;Driscoll et al, 2018;Hall et al, 2019;Karim et al, 2006;Kirst et al, 2014;Schick et al, 2019;Sharpley et al, 2019;Siegel et al, 2006;Spector et al, 2020;Tsai et al, 2019;Whittaker et al, 2015), if the study was judged to be at 'low' or 'moderate' risk of bias for all domains, then the study was given an overall 'moderate' risk of bias, as the study provided sound evidence for a non-randomised study but could not be considered comparable to a well-performed randomised trial (see File S9).…”