“…The application of eco-efficient strategies is also required, such as the substitution of fossil fuels, the design of systems for waste capture, the use of nanotechnology (Poudyal & Kushal, 2021), and other strategies that lead to this objective in the short, medium, and long term. Rocha et al (2022), Sagástegui (2012), Sanjuán & Chinchón (2014), Feijoó et al (2016, CSI (2012), Veana et al (2019), Badillo et al (2020), andPoudyal &Kushal (2021).…”