Tendencje rozwoju stosunków ekonomicznych Unii Europejskiej z Federacją Rosyjską i Chińską Republiką Ludową w warunkach globalizacji

Puślecki, Zdzisław W.

doi:10.14746/rie.2012.6.7

Cited by 3 publications

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“…It is, however, difficult to identify unequivocally the underlying reasons for this situation. Literature [Puślecki, 2012] proposes that the major factor that contributed to the growth of the European Union's exports to China was primarily the high GDP growth rate in China. In the years 2000-2020, China's average GDP growth , 2022a].…”

Section: Rca In Bilateral Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…UNCTAD, 2022]. According toPuślecki [2012], China's economic growth caused an increase in the demand for raw materials and fuels and, in consequence, contributed to an increase in the export of energy materials from the European Union. The country's economic growth led to the emergence of the middle class and boosted the demand for high-value goods, mainly the products of the automotive industry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the European Union's exports to China was also a result of the liberalization of the economy and more open access to the market following China's accession to the WTO in 2001, as well as the growing activity of European companies in China. The change in the RCA index discussed earlier may also have been caused by the yuan-euro exchange rate favourable for Chinese exporters and the depreciation of the US dollar against the yuan, which resulted in a decreased competitiveness of Chinese products in the United States and an increased interest in European markets Puślecki [2007]. argues that the EU enlargement, which took place in 2004 and 2007 to include ten countries from Central and Eastern Europe, was another important factor that stimulated the growth of the EU's imports from China.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The EU-China trade in goods in the years 2004–2020 – is the EU exploiting its comparative advantage?

Fronczek¹

2022

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Purpose – The study aims to identify the EU’s and China’s comparative advantage in reciprocal trade and indicate the relations between the structure of this trade and such advantage. Research method – The study used Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA), which shows the competitive position in the exports of particular commodities compared to a selected partner. The calculations were based on 2004–2020 data, obtained from the UN Comtrade Database. Results – The results show that in the years under examination the EU-China bilateral trade followed a trend unfavourable for the EU (with an increasing negative balance). The most important commodities were machinery and equipment and they manifested a negative change for the EU. It meant that at the beginning of the analysed period (2004–2006) the EU had a comparative advantage in their exports, which was lost in 2007 and had not been regained by the end of the analysed years. Despite this change, machinery and equipment remained the dominant group of goods exported by the EU to China. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The answer to the question posed in the title is that in bilateral trade China makes better use of its comparative advantage in exports, while the European Union has the imports structure that is more compatible with its comparative advantage. The EU countries shape the structure of their imports more effectively and, in the vast majority of cases, they purchase goods that they are not competitive with. On the other hand, they definitely underperform as suppliers to the Chinese market, selling goods (mainly machinery and equipment) in which they ceased to be competitive years ago.

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Section: Rca In Bilateral Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The EU-China trade in goods in the years 2004–2020 – is the EU exploiting its comparative advantage?

Fronczek¹

2022

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“…Another author writes that BChina needs to become a reliable regional great power^in order to build international power (Michałek 2014). One can find in the literature statements saying that China is going to become the greatest power (Romiszewska 2013), that it is one of the major great powers (Bób 2013), that it is a strong regional actor (Puślecki 2012), that it already is a great power (Zamęcki 2011;Rowiński and Szafraniec 2008;Hübner 2014), that it is a regional great power (Willa 2011;Mickiewicz 2008), or that it is a rising great power (Kubiak 2008). One of the authors states that China already is a superpower (Skrzyp 2012) (see Table 2).…”

Section: Between Competition and Cooperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closer to a threat than an opportunity: Polish perception of China’s rise and international engagement

Grzywacz

2019

Asia Eur J

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Chinese initiatives of a geopolitical nature are being more and more frequently analyzed in the literature. At the same time, it is pointed out that at least since 2012 China has been pursuing an assertive and active foreign policy. Due to the importance of the Belt and Road Initiative project and also the 16 + 1 cooperation in the Central and Eastern Europe region, it is worth analyzing what the perception of China in this region is on the example of Poland. The study attempts to answer the question of how the increase in China's importance and its international engagement are perceived in Poland. The analysis of Polish papers published in 2003-2017 shows, and this is an argument, that Polish researchers more frequently present China in the categories of a threat and apply research terminology and tools within the realistic theory of international relations and this image is being reinforced, especially after 2013. The analytical framework of BChina as a threat^and BChina as an opportunity^occurring frequently in research is placed in this paper in theories of international relations.

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“…Poprzez osłabianie transmisji cenowych z relatywnie stabilnego rynku światowego taryfy celne mogą właściwie zwiększać niestabilność cen w UE. Unijne cła są często pobierane jako cła specyficzne [Puślecki 2001], w postaci stałej opłaty za kilogram, co oznacza, że stają się bardziej restrykcyjne kiedy ceny spadają, a mniej restrykcyjne podczas okresów wysokich cen. W wyniku takiej sytuacji globalny popyt maleje w okresach wysokiej podaży i na odwrót.…”

Section: Runda Doha I Zmiany We Wspólnej Polityce Rolnej Ueunclassified

Zależności między WTO i Unią Europejską w polityce rolnej w warunkach globalizacji

Puślecki

2012

PRS

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Celem głównym opracowania było przedstawienie zależności między WTO i Unią Europejską w polityce rolnej w warunkach globalizacji. Celami szczegółowymi natomiast było ukazanie reguł międzynarodowego handlu rolnego i potrzeby nowych kierunków działania WTO, niestabilności cen na artykuły rolne na rynku światowym i prób jej osłabiania poza WTO oraz nowych zjawisk we Wspólnej Polityce Rolnej wynikających z rundy Doha. W przyszłości, w wyniku niezbędnych reform, WTO powinna nadal stymulować liberalizację handlu międzynarodowego, a także, bardziej niż dotychczas, wspierać rozwój krajów rozwijających się.

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Tendencje rozwoju stosunków ekonomicznych Unii Europejskiej z Federacją Rosyjską i Chińską Republiką Ludową w warunkach globalizacji

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The EU-China trade in goods in the years 2004–2020 – is the EU exploiting its comparative advantage?

The EU-China trade in goods in the years 2004–2020 – is the EU exploiting its comparative advantage?

Closer to a threat than an opportunity: Polish perception of China’s rise and international engagement

Zależności między WTO i Unią Europejską w polityce rolnej w warunkach globalizacji

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