Tendon and ligament tissue engineering

Lake, Spencer P.; Liu, Qian; Xing, Malcolm; Iannucci, Leanne E.; Wang, Zhanwen; Zhao, Chunfeng

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818422-6.00056-3

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Collagen I is the most extensively used natural material because of its low cost and high physiological prevalence in tendon tissue ( Kuo et al, 2010 ; Caliari and Burdick, 2016 ; Wu et al, 2018 ). Although collagen gels, sponges and extruded fibers are being used for tendon tissue engineering, their main drawback is mechanical weakness ( Qiu et al, 2016 ; Lake et al, 2020 ). Cheng et al (2008) were able to upregulate the mechanical strength of collagen (30-fold) by producing electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) bundles.…”

Section: Beginner: Models Using Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of using polymers and complicated chemical production technologies, decellularized tendons are also widely used for tissue engineering ( Lake et al, 2020 ). Decellularization protocols often use detergents to solubilize cell debris of tendon tissue samples aiming to remove all immunological signals.…”

Section: Beginner: Models Using Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, dedifferentiation of the tenocytes should be avoided by applying mechanical stimulation or other contact guidance cues ( Nikolovski et al, 2003 ; Park et al, 2006 ; Kuo et al, 2010 ). Because adult cells have only a limited life span and have usually a low proliferation rate ( Caddeo et al, 2017 ), another option is to use MSCs, which can be stimulated to differentiate into a tenocyte-phenotype ( Lake et al, 2020 ). Similar to the in vivo situation, identifying the most appropriate cell source is challenging.…”

Section: A State-of-the-art In Vitro Tendinopathy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research

Meeremans

Walle

Vlierberghe

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Overuse tendon injuries are a major cause of musculoskeletal morbidity in both human and equine athletes, due to the cumulative degenerative damage. These injuries present significant challenges as the healing process often results in the formation of inferior scar tissue. The poor success with conventional therapy supports the need to search for novel treatments to restore functionality and regenerate tissue as close to native tendon as possible. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based strategies represent promising therapeutic tools for tendon repair in both human and veterinary medicine. The translation of tissue engineering strategies from basic research findings, however, into clinical use has been hampered by the limited understanding of the multifaceted MSC mechanisms of action. In vitro models serve as important biological tools to study cell behavior, bypassing the confounding factors associated with in vivo experiments. Controllable and reproducible in vitro conditions should be provided to study the MSC healing mechanisms in tendon injuries. Unfortunately, no physiologically representative tendinopathy models exist to date. A major shortcoming of most currently available in vitro tendon models is the lack of extracellular tendon matrix and vascular supply. These models often make use of synthetic biomaterials, which do not reflect the natural tendon composition. Alternatively, decellularized tendon has been applied, but it is challenging to obtain reproducible results due to its variable composition, less efficient cell seeding approaches and lack of cell encapsulation and vascularization. The current review will overview pros and cons associated with the use of different biomaterials and technologies enabling scaffold production. In addition, the characteristics of the ideal, state-of-the-art tendinopathy model will be discussed. Briefly, a representative in vitro tendinopathy model should be vascularized and mimic the hierarchical structure of the tendon matrix with elongated cells being organized in a parallel fashion and subjected to uniaxial stretching. Incorporation of mechanical stimulation, preferably uniaxial stretching may be a key element in order to obtain appropriate matrix alignment and create a pathophysiological model. Together, a thorough discussion on the current status and future directions for tendon models will enhance fundamental MSC research, accelerating translation of MSC therapies for tendon injuries from bench to bedside.

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Section: Beginner: Models Using Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beginner: Models Using Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A State-of-the-art In Vitro Tendinopathy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research

Meeremans

Walle

Vlierberghe

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Tendons and ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that perform crucial parts in transmitting forces from muscle to bone and bone to bone, respectively, providing, in this way, joint stability and allowing mobility. 1,2 Although these tissues present high tensile strength and stiffness, 2 due to the high mechanical demands placed upon them, the occurrence of injuries that compromise their mechanical integrity is very common, which ultimately results not only in pain, reduced activity, and disability to patients but in a serious economic burden as well. 1 Indeed, the annual global incidence of tendon and ligament ruptures and associated surgeries have been Tânia Peixoto and Sofia Carneiro contributed equally to this work.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Although these tissues present high tensile strength and stiffness, 2 due to the high mechanical demands placed upon them, the occurrence of injuries that compromise their mechanical integrity is very common, which ultimately results not only in pain, reduced activity, and disability to patients but in a serious economic burden as well. 1 Indeed, the annual global incidence of tendon and ligament ruptures and associated surgeries have been Tânia Peixoto and Sofia Carneiro contributed equally to this work. reported as 7-40 per 100,000 for Achilles' tendon (AT), 16-131 per 100,000 for rotator cuff tendons, and 8-50 per 100,000 for Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) repair.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering hybrid textile braids for tendon and ligament repair application

Peixoto

Carneiro

Fangueiro

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Challenges involving tendon and ligament repair have motivated the investigation of new strategies to improve clinical outcomes. These have been mainly based on polymer constructs, which may be non-biodegradable or biodegradable. The former typically fails due to lack of device integration and the latter demands a complex balance between biodegradability and tissue ingrowth, often failing due to insufficient mechanical properties. This work presents the development of hybrid braids based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA) yarns. A textile technique was used to fabricate braids based on 16 multifilament yarns of varying PLA/PET composition. The composition was varied to maximize biodegradability while ensuring mechanical performance. The braids' morphology, physical and mechanical properties were characterized. As production parameters and architecture were maintained, the braids exhibited similar porosity and wicking ability. The breaking force and stiffness decreased significantly as the number of PLA yarns increased, although strain levels remained constant. Braids containing 10 and 12 PET yarns (out of the total 16 yarns) demonstrated good creep and force-relaxation behavior, as well as resistance to cyclic loading. These compositions were selected for future work, to be assembled into more elaborate structures to mimic the fibrous organization and tensile properties of different tendons/ ligaments.

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Potential of Graphene–Polymer Composites for Ligament and Tendon Repair: A Review

et al. 2020

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Tendon/ligament injuries are debilitating conditions that affect the life quality of a great percentage of the adult population. Several challenges still have to be addressed regarding the repair of these tissues, as current treatments show limited success. The use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric scaffolds potentially helps accomplish a complete and long‐term functional repair but, unfortunately, these materials lack adequate mechanical properties to be used in such demanding applications. Graphene is a subject of interest for tissue‐repair applications due to its electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. If incorporated adequately, it may significantly improve the physical properties of the composite, even at small loadings. Furthermore, graphene presents a biocompatible surface that may enhance cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation and demonstrates promising outcomes in several in vitro and in vivo biological applications. Therefore, herein, the potential of graphene materials for the reinforcement of biodegradable polymers of interest for tendon/ligament repair is explored. The effect of graphene on relevant features such as mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility is revised, to understand the feasibility of these composites to fulfill the requirements associated with these tissues and conclude how their applicability is extended to this field.

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Tendon and ligament tissue engineering

Cited by 10 publications

References 149 publications

The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research

The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research

Engineering hybrid textile braids for tendon and ligament repair application

Potential of Graphene–Polymer Composites for Ligament and Tendon Repair: A Review

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