Tenebrio molitor Larva Trypsin Hydrolysate Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in C57BL/6 Mice by Targeting the TLR-Mediated MyD88-Dependent MAPK Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widely researched chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex etiology. The increased prevalence of AD necessitates exploration of natural sources as potential therapeutic agents with limited side effects. In the current study, a 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model was used to examine the anti-AD effects of Tenebrio molitor trypsin hydrolysate (TMTH) and its underlying molecular mechanism. DNCB-treated mice were treated with TMTH (1 and 10 mg/kg), and prednisolone (3 mg/kg) was used as the positive control. Serum and skin tissue samples were collected for subsequent analyses. The expression levels of proteins linked to the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and serum IgE levels were estimated via Western blotting technique and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), respectively. Inflammatory cell infiltration and thickening of the dorsal skin were measured using toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. Oral administration of TMTH significantly reduced mast cell infiltration and dermal and epidermal thickness. Moreover, TMTH treatment reduced serum IgE levels. Western blotting confirmed that TMTH treatment suppressed the MyD88-dependent MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, TMTH substantially inhibited AD-like skin lesion formation via immunomodulation, showing considerable potential for AD treatment.

Tryptase and Exogenous Trypsin: Mechanisms and Ophthalmic Applications

“…7 Exogenous trypsin, however, paradoxically displays anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties, promoting damage repair. 8,9 Although the clinical therapeutic role of exogenous trypsin in pancreatic, lung and orthopedic diseases has been well studied, it has not been as widely investigated in the ophthalmic context. [10][11][12] Here, the roles and mechanisms of tryptase and exogenously applied trypsin in ophthalmic diseases are reviewed and investigated, and the clinical applications of exogenous trypsin injection are also discussed.…”

Effects of Tenebrio molitor (Mealworm) Frass on the Growth of Ginseng Sprout (Panax ginseng) in Commercial Potting Soil

“…국내에서 식품원료로 등록된 곤충은 백강잠, 식용누에, 메뚜기, 갈색거저리 유충, 흰점박이꽃무지 유충, 장수풍뎅 이 유충, 쌍별귀뚜라미, 아메리카왕거저리 유충, 수벌 번데기, 풀무치 등 10종이며 (MFDS, 2021), 국내 곤충산업은 2020년 414억 원에서 2021년에는 446억 원으로 7.7% 증가하는 추세이다 (MAFRA, 2022). 식용곤충의 하나인 갈색 거저리 유충 (Tenebrio molitor larvae)은 식용, 사료용, 기능성 소재 등의 원료로 활용되고 있다 (Jo et al, 2021;Jang et al, 2022;Kim et al, 2022aKim et al, , 2022bFan et al, 2023). 인구가 급속하게 증가하면서 2050년이 되면 육류 단백질 요 구량은 현재보다 75% 이상 증가하여 식용곤충을 이용한 대체 단백질 생산이 많아지고 곤충 배설물도 대량으로 생성 될 것으로 예상된다 (Berggren et al, 2019;Houben et al, 2020).…”