Tennis Serving Velocity and Accuracy

Cauraugh, James H.; Gabert, Trent E.; White, John J.

doi:10.2466/pms.1990.70.3.719

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was expected based on the results of Cauraugh et al (1990), Johnson (1957), and Van den Tillaar andEttema, (2003, 2006). In contrast to dart throwing (Etnyre, 1998), speed does not seem to have a negative influence on accuracy in tennis.…”

Section: Speed á Accuracy Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 58%

Differences in ball speed and accuracy of tennis groundstrokes between elite and high‐performance players

Landlinger

Stöggl

Lindinger

et al. 2011

European Journal of Sport Science

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The main aim of this study was to identify and compare ball speed and hitting accuracy of forehand and backhand groundstrokes between ATP professionals (elite) and high-performance youth players when shots were played cross-court and down the line to a target square. Six elite and seven high-performance tennis players volunteered to participate in the study. A Doppler-radar device and a digital video camera, operating at 120 frames per second, were used to measure ball speed and accuracy of forehand and backhand groundstrokes in the respective situation (cross-court and down the line). The results of 1040 measured groundstrokes indicate that the ball speed of the forehand and the backhand ground stroke was higher in the elite group when analysing (1) all valid shots, (2) the six fastest shots, and (3) the six most accurate shots (all P B 0.05). In addition, all players achieved a higher forehand speed compared with their backhand when balls were directed cross-court (P B 0.01). The participants demonstrated similar ability when considering accuracy of their groundstrokes (P ! 0.05). However, a group difference for accuracy was identified when considering the six fastest forehand shots (P B0.05), and the forehand cross-court stroke was played more accurately than the backhand cross-court stroke by both groups (valid shots and six most accurate shots, P B0.05). Moreover, there was no evidence that players who impacted the ball faster were any less accurate than those who impacted the ball more slowly. Analyses for participants actually revealed a negative correlation between ball speed and mean radial error (accuracy) for the backhand down the line (r0 (0.77, P B0.01). According to the results of this study, ball speed seems to be the determining factor that separates elite from sub-elite tennis players.

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Section: Speed á Accuracy Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 58%

Differences in ball speed and accuracy of tennis groundstrokes between elite and high‐performance players

Landlinger

Stöggl

Lindinger

et al. 2011

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…Indermill and Husak (1984) showed that executing a fast discrete movement (throwing) at around 75% is more accurate than faster movements. In our study it was shown that at instructions V a and A v the velocities were 96% and 92% and thereby also much higher than the 85% in which accuracy does not change much anymore (Cauraugh, Gabert & White, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Influence of Instruction on Velocity and Accuracy in Soccer Kicking of Experienced Soccer Players

Tillaar¹,

Ulvik²

2014

Journal of Motor Behavior

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The authors' aim was to investigate the speed-accuracy tradeoff in soccer kicking with the dominant and nondominant foot by using different types of instructions prioritizing speed or accuracy in experienced soccer players. Ten male soccer players were randomly given 1 of the 4 instructions that differed in aspects of the kick they should emphasize and what the secondary aim would be (speed or accuracy). It was found that ball velocity was affected by instruction in the expected way: emphasis on accuracy and ball velocity reduced for both kicking feet. In addition kicking accuracy increased when emphasizing this, but only with the dominant foot indicating that Fitts' law only was found in kicks with the dominant foot.

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“…These results differ from those of previous studies involving dart throwing , where the longer throwing distance showed a greater decrement in performance accuracy than could be accounted for geometrically. Such results were interpreted as illustrations of Fitts' Law (Cauraugh et al, 1990;Crossman and Goodeve, 1963;Etnyre, 1998;Fitts, 1954;Newell et al, 1980;Pachella, 1974;Sherwood & Schmidt, 1980;Viitasalo et al, 2001), which describes a trade-off between force and accuracy in muscle contraction. The reason for the failure to demonstrate this trade-off in the present study is unknown, though other cases are known where Fitts' Law appears not to be obeyed (e.g., Cauraugh et al, 1990).…”

Section: Performancementioning

confidence: 92%

The Effects of Circadian Rhythmicity and Time‐Awake on a Simple Motor Task

Edwards

Waterhouse

Reilly

2007

Chronobiology International

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The aim of the study was to assess if a simple motor task, one that required muscle contractions well below maximum, showed evidence of circadian changes and time-awake. The task consisted of using a larger counter to flick a number of smaller counters to land as near as possible to the center of a target. The closer a counter landed next to the center of the target, the higher the score obtained. Two distances from the target were used (long and short), and 20 counters were flicked at each distance. The task was performed by 72 diurnally active healthy participants at six test sessions distributed every 4 h throughout the day (08:00 h, 12:00 h, ... , 04:00 h), so covering a circadian cycle. When performing the sessions, subjects had been awake for about 1, 4, ... , 20 h. Before each test session, sublingual temperature was measured, and estimates of the individual's fatigue and alertness were made. Clear normally phased circadian rhythms (p<0.0001) in oral temperature and alertness with mean peak time (i.e., acrophases of 17.2 h and 15.9 h, respectively) and fatigue (i.e., mean acrophase of 3.4 h) were detected. The total scores for both the long and short distances also showed circadian rhythms that peaked slightly before the temperature rhythm (by 2.31+/-0.91 h and 1.77+/-0.77 h, mean+/-SE, respectively), and the number of occasions that the target was missed altogether showed rhythms that were in anti-phase (mean acrophases=3.8 h and 4.1 h for the long and short distances, respectively) to that of total scores (mean acrophases=16.0 h and 15.2 h for the long and short distances, respectively). With the long and, particularly, short distances, there were generally significant correlations (r<0.0005) between both the measures of accuracy (total score and number of misses) and body temperature and time-awake. The accuracy of performance at this task seems to show circadian and time-awake effects, and so makes it of potential value in protocols where repetitive measurements during the course of a day are required.

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Tennis Serving Velocity and Accuracy

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Differences in ball speed and accuracy of tennis groundstrokes between elite and high‐performance players

Differences in ball speed and accuracy of tennis groundstrokes between elite and high‐performance players

Influence of Instruction on Velocity and Accuracy in Soccer Kicking of Experienced Soccer Players

The Effects of Circadian Rhythmicity and Time‐Awake on a Simple Motor Task

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