“…The liquid phase synthesis methods are more versatile with regards to controlling the structural and morphological properties of the products, compared to, for example, the gas phase processes [39]. Potential pathways in liquid phase syntheses include a precipitation reaction, an aqueous or non-hydrolytic sol-gel process [38,41,56,57,61] and hydrothermal [49,59] or solvothermal methods [53,58]. The synthesis of the desired metal oxide nanoparticles requires, in some cases, a combination of these techniques.…”