Tensile behavior of staple fiber yarns, part IV: experimental verification of predicted stress–strain curves

Poly(lactic acid)–thermoplastic starch–cotton composites: Starch‐compatibilizing effects and composite biodegradability

“…noted that drawing fibrils were observed; this suggested that there was a low strain rate. According to the results of this study, PLA with starch, not plasticized starch, presented a weak adhesion without any compatibilizing agent …”

“…Nevertheless, there are different standards, methods, and values used for the determination of cotton fiber stress. The results indicate that the addition of noncoated fiber (PLA TPS –cotton) in the system increased E (5.5 ± 0.2 GPa) because of the natural cotton fiber E being around 30 ± 4 GPa …”

“…The PLA TPS –cotton TPS sample also presented the largest elastic modulus ( E = 6.3 ± 0.7 GPa), with continuous tension support. Zubair et al . stressed that the E ′ of some cellulosic fibers was about 20 GPa during the initial linear elastic regime, but it increased significantly as the alignment of cellulose crystals occurred, reaching 100 GPa until failure.…”

“…Thus, specific cellulose and starch composites that present hydrophilic phases make the θ values smaller and imply a lower surface energy. Thus, the initial contact of the medium with the surface of the material is favored and can increase the retention of water and the fragility of the material . Furthermore, hydrolysis occurs mostly in bulk and depends on other factors, such as stiffness, crystallinity, formation, cracking, and bonding energy.…”