Tensile properties of cellulose acetate butyrate composites reinforced with bacterial cellulose

Gindl, Wolfgang; Keckes, Jozef

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.05.001

Cited by 143 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is certain that increasing BC content increases the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the polymer matrix proportionally. Gindl and Keckes have identified the stress-strain behaviour of BC nanocomposites to be biphasic in their compositions created by gently compressing dried BC sheets, soaking in a cellulose acetate butyrate-acetone mixture and drying on stainless steel plates [88]. This means that the stress/strain curve increases in a steep-linear fashion at first, followed by a less-steep and linear fashion.…”

Section: Biocellulose Nanofibre Biocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for the Utilization of Biocellulose Nanofibres in Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Implants

Khan

Dahman

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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With the increasing number of surgical bone grafts per year, the application of biomaterials in tissue engineering has become a popular issue. In the present work, the potential of biocellulose-nanofibre-reinforced polyurethane nanocomposites to act as bone scaffold implants is established. Investigating properties of polyurethane shows that this widely applied biomaterial group cannot fulfil all properties required for bone implants in a stand-alone fashion. Bone implants require a high Young's modulus and tensile strength but low strain which makes it difficult to find a suitable polyurethane since higher hard segment content will reduce tensile strength and lower hard segment content will reduce the Young's modulus. Other factors such as biodegradation also become important. A literature review on carbon nanotube and nanofibre composites with polyurethanes shows that nanofibrous reinforcement leads to favourable implant properties. Young's modulus and tensile strength increase dramatically. Other properties such as thermal conductivity and viscosity are also affected. These types of nanofibrous materials, however, are the subject of an ongoing debate about toxicity and their use in bone implants is questionable. Biocellulose nanofibres formed from bacteria (also called bacterial cellulose (BC)) possess favourable mechanical properties and are highly biocompatible. A survey on works done on BC nanofibres and their composites show that nanostructured biocomposites that contains the nanofibres reinforced in polymer composites result in changes that are comparable to those of carbon nanotubes in regards to bone scaffold applications. Showing improvement on biocompatibility and mechanical properties, biocellulose nanofibre reinforcement on polyurethanes possesses strong potential for bone implants and other tissue-engineering applications.

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Section: Biocellulose Nanofibre Biocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for the Utilization of Biocellulose Nanofibres in Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Implants

Khan

Dahman

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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“…[19][20][21][22][23][24] Cellulose microfibrils can be extracted from wood or many other plant-based materials, but pulping and bleaching processes are not environmentally friendly. 25 Cellulose whiskers can also be extracted from tunicate, a sea animal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Natural Fibers Using Bacteria: Depositing Bacterial Cellulose onto Natural Fibers To Create Hierarchical Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites

et al. 2008

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Triggered biodegradable composites made entirely from renewable resources are urgently sought after to improve material recyclability or be able to divert materials from waste streams. Many biobased polymers and natural fibers usually display poor interfacial adhesion when combined in a composite material. Here we propose a way to modify the surfaces of natural fibers by utilizing bacteria (Acetobacter xylinum) to deposit nanosized bacterial cellulose around natural fibers, which enhances their adhesion to renewable polymers. This paper describes the process of modifying large quantities of natural fibers with bacterial cellulose through their use as substrates for bacteria during fermentation. The modified fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, single fiber tensile tests, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inverse gas chromatography to determine their surface and mechanical properties. The practical adhesion between the modified fibers and the renewable polymers cellulose acetate butyrate and poly(L-lactic acid) was quantified using the single fiber pullout test.

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“…The impregnation method has been used to create allcellulose composites based on ligno-cellulose fibres such as ramie [242,243], rice husk [244], BC [245] and cellulose nanowhiskers [51]. Nishino and co-workers [242,243] created all-cellulose composites in which both the fibres and matrix are cellulose, by distinguishing the solubility of the matrix cellulose into the solvent from that of the fibres through a pre-treatment of the fibres.…”

Section: Applications and New Advances In Cellulose Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: current international research into cellulose nanofibres and nanocomposites

et al. 2010

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This paper provides an overview of recent progress made in the area of cellulose nanofibre-based nanocomposites. An introduction into the methods used to isolate cellulose nanofibres (nanowhiskers, nanofibrils) is given, with details of their structure. Following this, the article is split into sections dealing with processing and characterisation of cellulose nanocomposites and new developments in the area, with particular emphasis on applications. The types of cellulose nanofibres covered are those extracted from plants by acid hydrolysis (nanowhiskers), mechanical treatment and those that occur naturally (tunicate nanowhiskers) or under culturing conditions (bacterial cellulose nanofibrils). Research highlighted in the article are the use of cellulose nanowhiskers for shape memory nanocomposites, analysis of the interfacial properties of cellulose nanowhisker and nanofibrilbased composites using Raman spectroscopy, switchable interfaces that mimic sea cucumbers, polymerisation from the surface of cellulose nanowhiskers by atom transfer radical polymerisation and ring opening polymerisation,

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Tensile properties of cellulose acetate butyrate composites reinforced with bacterial cellulose

Cited by 143 publications

References 31 publications

A Novel Approach for the Utilization of Biocellulose Nanofibres in Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Implants

A Novel Approach for the Utilization of Biocellulose Nanofibres in Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Implants

Surface Modification of Natural Fibers Using Bacteria: Depositing Bacterial Cellulose onto Natural Fibers To Create Hierarchical Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites

Review: current international research into cellulose nanofibres and nanocomposites

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