“…To resolve these issues, researchers have long been attempting to reinforce the resin with particulate fillers to create a composite material with enhanced properties 4–6 . Researchers have reported the successful incorporation of carbon‐based nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon black powder with a respective improvement in mechanical and thermal properties 7–13 . Other researchers have focused on the use of inorganic metallic fillers such as nickel and aluminum and metal oxides such as zinc, silica, and copper oxides to improve the resin's properties 14–18 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[4][5][6] Researchers have reported the successful incorporation of carbon-based nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon black powder with a respective improvement in mechanical and thermal properties. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Other researchers have focused on the use of inorganic metallic fillers such as nickel and aluminum and metal oxides such as zinc, silica, and copper oxides to improve the resin's properties. [14][15][16][17][18] A few research studies have reinforced epoxy resin with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) to improve its magnetic and electrical properties.…”
Epoxy polymers, having good mechanical properties and thermal stability, are often used for engineering applications. Their properties can be further enhanced by the addition of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) as fillers to the resin. In this study, pristine Fe3O4 NPs were functionalized with polydopamine (PDA), (3‐glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTES). X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study any changes in the crystal structure and size of the NPs while Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to ensure the presence of functional groups on the surface. The mechanical properties of the Fe3O4‐based nanocomposites generally improved except when reinforced with Fe3O4/PDA. The maximum improvement in tensile strength (∼34%) and fracture toughness (∼13%) were observed for pristine Fe3O4‐based nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the use of any of the treated NPs improved the material's initial storage modulus and had a substantial impact on its dissipation potential. Also, it was observed that the glass transition temperature measurements by DMA and differential scanning calorimetry were below that of pure epoxy. SEM of the cracked surfaces shows that the incorporation of any NPs leads to an enhancement in its thermal and mechanical properties.
“…To resolve these issues, researchers have long been attempting to reinforce the resin with particulate fillers to create a composite material with enhanced properties 4–6 . Researchers have reported the successful incorporation of carbon‐based nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon black powder with a respective improvement in mechanical and thermal properties 7–13 . Other researchers have focused on the use of inorganic metallic fillers such as nickel and aluminum and metal oxides such as zinc, silica, and copper oxides to improve the resin's properties 14–18 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[4][5][6] Researchers have reported the successful incorporation of carbon-based nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon black powder with a respective improvement in mechanical and thermal properties. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Other researchers have focused on the use of inorganic metallic fillers such as nickel and aluminum and metal oxides such as zinc, silica, and copper oxides to improve the resin's properties. [14][15][16][17][18] A few research studies have reinforced epoxy resin with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) to improve its magnetic and electrical properties.…”
Epoxy polymers, having good mechanical properties and thermal stability, are often used for engineering applications. Their properties can be further enhanced by the addition of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) as fillers to the resin. In this study, pristine Fe3O4 NPs were functionalized with polydopamine (PDA), (3‐glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTES). X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study any changes in the crystal structure and size of the NPs while Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to ensure the presence of functional groups on the surface. The mechanical properties of the Fe3O4‐based nanocomposites generally improved except when reinforced with Fe3O4/PDA. The maximum improvement in tensile strength (∼34%) and fracture toughness (∼13%) were observed for pristine Fe3O4‐based nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the use of any of the treated NPs improved the material's initial storage modulus and had a substantial impact on its dissipation potential. Also, it was observed that the glass transition temperature measurements by DMA and differential scanning calorimetry were below that of pure epoxy. SEM of the cracked surfaces shows that the incorporation of any NPs leads to an enhancement in its thermal and mechanical properties.
“…38 The size of the agglomerate was measured to be about 30 µm containing many small GNPs. 38 The whole GNP-reinforced polymer nanocomposite, i.e. small scale, may be divided into two domains, including the GNP-free polymer matrix indicated as phase O and the spherical inclusions containing the agglomerated GNPs and remaining the polymer matrix represented as phase I , 29 to reflect such an agglomerated state.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The volume fraction of the polymer matrix within phase I is signified by c0(I) and that of the GNPs indicated by c1(I) which leads to Figure 15.GNP agglomeration in epoxy nanocomposite containing 2 wt% GNP. 38 Figure 16.Polymer nanocomposite divided into two domains, including the pure polymer matrix and the GNP-containing spherical inclusions.GNP: graphene nanoplatelets.…”
A nested analytical method, a product of combining two micromechanical models is developed in this study. The proposed micromechanical method predicts the relaxation properties of polymer hybrid nanocomposites containing linearly visco-elastic matrix, transversely isotropic elastic carbon fibers, and graphene nanoplatelets. Calculations performed in this model are of two scales. The small scale, which is the domain of epoxy resin and graphene nanoplatelet interactions, and the large scale, which assumes the small scale as a homogenized isotropic matrix. In the large scale, the prescribed matrix is then reinforced by the unidirectional CFs. Each scale calculation gives the properties of the underlying material. Secant moduli and the field fluctuation techniques are adopted in this study. Resulting explicit formulae allows one to calculate the overall relaxation moduli of the graphene nanoplatelet/carbon fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid nanocomposites. By comparing the data obtained by experiments and the results extracted by the proposed micromechanical approach, the accuracy of the model becomes apparent. Addition of graphene nanoplatelets into the fibrous composites leads to an improvement in the relaxation properties of the hybrid nanocomposites. Also, the elastic properties of graphene nanoplatelet/carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites are reported. The role of graphene nanoplatelet agglomeration, frequently encountered in real engineering situations, in the mechanical response of unidirectional hybrid nanocomposites is examined. The effects of volume fraction of graphene nanoplatelets and CFs on the overall mechanical properties are investigated.
“…The slight increasement at 3.0 vol% (1281 ± 152 μm 2 ) might be ascribed to the formation of some agglomerations of GNPs as the concentration increased. 58 Interestingly, in the case of MSC sample the rise became more remarkable. As GNPs concentration increased from 0.9 to 3.9 vol%, the size of GNPs increased from 522 ± 60 μm 2 to 868 ± 180 μm 2 .…”
In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) conductive composite films with different morphologies were fabricated from the same constituent materials using four fabrication techniques, solution casting (SC), SC followed by hot pressing (SCP), melt mixing followed by SC (MSC), and melt mixing followed by hot pressing (MP). Morphologies of dispersed GNPs and electrical properties in both in-plane and perpendicular direction were investigated and compared systematically. The corresponding percolation thresholds (Φ c ) of the composites varied from 0.42 ± 0.13 vol% to 3.26 ± 0.48 vol%. The conductivities varied up to two orders of magnitude and decreased in the sequence of SC > MSC > SCP > MP. These variations were explained in terms of GNPs size, GNPs orientation, distribution and dispersion state of fillers. The contribution of the above factors in each procedure were discerned individually, the results were discussed and compared with other experimental studies and simulations as well.
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