Tensile properties of rat femoral bone as functions of bone volume fraction, apparent density and volumetric bone mineral density

Nazarian, Ara; Arroyo, Francisco J. Araiza; Rosso, Claudio; Aran, Shima; Snyder, Brian D.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.06.016

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A stress riser notch was placed at the mid-diaphysis of each femur with markers placed at each side used as reference points for the camera to be able to assess mid-axis strain during testing. The prepped femur was mounted into a previously described tensile apparatus [34] and was loaded to failure at a strain rate of 0.005 s -1 (Synergy 200, MTS Systems, Eden Prairie, MN, USA) (Figure 2 ). A digital camera, which was previously calibrated with a calibration glass, (PixeLINK CMOS microscopy camera model PL-B681C, Ottawa, ON, Canada) captured images at a rate of 20 frames/s throughout testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, Densitometric and Metabolic Variations in Bones from Rats with Normal or Altered Skeletal States

et al. 2013

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BackgroundHigh resolution μCT, and combined μPET/CT have emerged as non-invasive techniques to enhance or even replace dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the current preferred approach for fragility fracture risk assessment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of µPET/CT imaging to differentiate changes in rat bone tissue density and microstructure induced by metabolic bone diseases more accurately than current available methods.MethodsThirty three rats were divided into three groups of control, ovariectomy and vitamin-D deficiency. At the conclusion of the study, animals were subjected to glucose (18FDG) and sodium fluoride (Na18F) PET/CT scanning. Then, specimens were subjected to µCT imaging and tensile mechanical testing. ResultsCompared to control, those allocated to ovariectomy and vitamin D deficiency groups showed 4% and 22% (significant) increase in 18FDG uptake values, respectively. DXA-based bone mineral density was higher in the vitamin D deficiency group when compared to the other groups (cortical bone), yet μCT-based apparent and mineral density results were not different between groups. DXA-based bone mineral density was lower in the ovariectomy group when compared to the other groups (cancellous bone); yet μCT-based mineral density results were not different between groups, and the μCT-based apparent density results were lower in the ovariectomy group compared to the other groups. ConclusionPET and micro-CT provide an accurate three-dimensional measurement of the changes in bone tissue mineral density, as well as microstructure for cortical and cancellous bone and metabolic activity. As osteomalacia is characterized by impaired bone mineralization, the use of densitometric analyses may lead to misinterpretation of the condition as osteoporosis. In contrast, µCT alone and in combination with the PET component certainly provides an accurate three-dimensional measurement of the changes in both bone tissue mineral density, as well as microstructure for cortical and cancellous bone and metabolic activity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, Densitometric and Metabolic Variations in Bones from Rats with Normal or Altered Skeletal States

et al. 2013

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“…A higher BV/TV or Tb.Th. results in an increased maximum tensile strength, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the tissue (Cory et al, 2010;Nazarian et al, 2011). The increased strength has a negative effect on the machinability of bone with pure water jets (Tikhomirov et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For P , a minimal threshold needs to be met before bone material is removed, which lies between 30 and 45 MPa depending on the bone tissue and D (Honl et al, 2000a, b;den Dunnen et al, 2013a). The pressure range in which the pressure can be considered to have a linear influence is up to 120 MPa (Mohamed, 2004;Orbanic and Junkar, 2004). Thus, the volume of and velocity of the water is a good measure for the total volume of material removal, but only when no extreme values for D, t and P are used to achieve this volume and velocity of the water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of water jet diameter and bone structural properties on the efficiency of pure water jet drilling in porcine bone

Dunnen

Tuijthof

2014

Mech. Sci.

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Abstract. Using water jets in orthopedic surgery to drill holes in bones can be beneficial due to the absence of thermal damage and the always sharp cut. To minimize operating time and the volume of water that is used, the efficiency (volume of removed bone per added volume of water) of the water jet should be maximized. The goal was to study the effect of the open trabecular bone structure on the efficiency for different water jet diameters. 86 holes were drilled in porcine tali and femora submerged in water with nozzles of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mm at 70 MPa during 5 s and a standoff distance of 8 mm. MicroCT scans were made to measure the removed bone volume and the bone structural properties Trabecular Spacing (Tb.Sp.), Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Sp.) and Bone Volume Fraction (BV/TV). Pearson's correlation tests (p < 0.05, 95 % confidence interval) were performed for each water jet diameter using the bone structural property as an independent factor and the efficiency as a dependent factor. No significant differences were found between the nozzle diameters in the material removal rates per added volume of water. The efficiency decreased for an increase in Tb.Th. and BV/TV for nozzles of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm. The 0.6 mm nozzle showed less influence of the Tb.Th. and BV/TV. The Tb.Sp. has no influence on the efficiency of a water jet.The total volume of added water combined with the Tb.Th. or BV/TV is a leading measure for the volume of bone material that is removed, which provides freedom in the development of water jet instruments as the nozzle diameter, pressure and jet time can be chosen in accordance to the maximum operating time requirements or dimensional limitations of a design.

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“…They found that the compressive modulus of bone is 5-6 times of the tensile modulus. The difference also exists in other bones (Cory et al, 2010;Nazarian et al, 2011). However, till now, no work gives the prediction of cancellous bone in proximal femur with consideration of the bi-modulus behavior of bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Much attention has been paid on the relations between the loading environments and the micro-structure of bone (Whitehouse and Dyson 1974;Cowin 1986;Odgarrd et al 1997;Zhu et al 2006;Cory et al 2010;Nazarian et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology Optimization for Human Proximal Femur Considering Bi-modulus Behavior of Cortical Bones

Cai

Luo

Wang

2014

Springer Proceedings in Mathematics &Amp; Statistics

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The material in the human proximal femur is considered as bi-modulus material and the density distribution is predicted by topology optimization method. To reduce the computational cost, the bi-modulus material is replaced with two isotropic materials in simulation. The selection of local material modulus is determined by the previous local stress state. Compared with density prediction results by traditional isotropic material in proximal femur, the bi-modulus material layouts are different obviously. The results also demonstrate that the bi-modulus material model is better than isotropic material model in simulation of density prediction in femur bone.

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Tensile properties of rat femoral bone as functions of bone volume fraction, apparent density and volumetric bone mineral density

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Microstructural, Densitometric and Metabolic Variations in Bones from Rats with Normal or Altered Skeletal States

Microstructural, Densitometric and Metabolic Variations in Bones from Rats with Normal or Altered Skeletal States

The influence of water jet diameter and bone structural properties on the efficiency of pure water jet drilling in porcine bone

Topology Optimization for Human Proximal Femur Considering Bi-modulus Behavior of Cortical Bones

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