Tensile strength and knot security of five suture materials exposed to natural summer conditions of a temperate lake

Abstract

ObjectiveWild fish and other aquatic ectotherms are often subjected to procedures during field research that require wound closure using sutures. A variety of absorbable sutures are available for such purposes, yet degradation processes are highly dependent on temperature, and the environments in which wild ectotherms are released are almost always colder than the conditions for which absorbable sutures are typically designed (i.e., ~37°C). We therefore studied the degradation of various suture materials under a set of biologically relevant conditions for temperate freshwater fish.MethodsUsing a force gauge, we tested the tensile strengths and knot securities of loops tied with five different absorbable suture materials (PDS‐II, dyed coated Vicryl, undyed coated Vicryl, plain gut, and chromic gut) prior to and during submersion in a temperate lake over an 8‐week period.ResultThe naturally derived collagen‐based suture materials (i.e., plain gut and chromic gut) exhibited major decreases in tensile strength within 2 weeks of submersion but maintained relatively high knot security throughout the study period. The synthetic suture loops had poorer initial knot securities that increased following submersion and showed little to no evidence of degradation after 8 weeks.ConclusionVariable rates of absorbable suture degradation, or lack thereof, were observed. We discuss the implications of these trends for fish welfare considerations such as suture retention, wound healing, inflammation, and infection under natural conditions.