Tension pneumocephalus and rhinorrhea revealing spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula of the anterior cranial base

Lefranc, Michel; Peltier, Johann; Demuynkc, F.; Bugnicourt, Jean‐Marc; Desenclos, C.; Fichten, A.; Toussaint, P.; Gars, D. Le

doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2008.10.014

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Only two cases (9, 10) have been reported pneumocephalus accompanied by pneumococcal meningitis, both of which had sinusitis and showed free intracranial air. It was reported that the presence of bone dehiscence in the lateral sphenoid bones harbor osseous defects (15,16). Brain CT revealed the destruction of the lateral sphenoid bones due to inflammatory sinusitis in the present case, and it caused pneumococcal meningitis and pneumocephalus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

An Adult Case of Pneumocephalus and Pneumococcal Meningitis Associated with the Sphenoid Sinusitis

et al. 2012

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A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital after being found at his home in a comatose state. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed sinusitis in the sphenoid sinus. Computed tomography demonstrated the presence of multiple air pockets in the basilar cistern, and we diagnosed pneumococcal meningitis complicated with pneumocephalus. Multiple cerebral infarctions were found on brain MRI after admission. In this case, pneumocephalus was secondary to pneumococcal meningitis due to sinusitis on admission, and multiple cerebral infarctions after admission. We demonstrated that early diagnosis is required for the successful treatment of pneumococcal meningitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

An Adult Case of Pneumocephalus and Pneumococcal Meningitis Associated with the Sphenoid Sinusitis

et al. 2012

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“…Although our patient did not have a detectable osseous defect on CT or during surgery, the lateral sphenoid region may harbor congenital fistulae that would predispose to an intracranial extension. [11] Coughing and sneezing could result in enough pressure to cause a “ball-valve” effect through small fistulae, [12] introducing air, and pathogens into the intracranial compartment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumocephalus as a Rare Presentation of Acute Sinusitis with Intracranial Extension – Two Cases and a Review of Literature

Sun

Chiang

2019

JCIS

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Pneumocephalus is a rare presentation of sinusitis. The purpose of this case series and literature review is to highlight the critical importance of recognizing pneumocephalus on initial brain imaging, since it may serve as the first sign of acute sinusitis with intracranial complication. Although sinusitis is a treatable condition with appropriate and timely antibiotic therapy, failure to recognize intracranial extension and delays to prompt surgical drainage could lead to a dire clinical course.

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“…These articles contained case reports of pneumocephalus resulting from bone defects other than those related to SOP. In this group, the most frequent were defects of sphenoid sinus and cribriform plate causing hyperpneumatisation of the cranium [20,21]. This process leads to communication between the inside of the skull and the intracranial compartment, which allows air to penetrate the cranium.…”

Section: Pneumocephalus Associated With Bone Defectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…blowing the nose, sneezing) [22,23], though in a significant number of cases the triggers remain unknown [24]. Similarly to SOP, headache is the most commonly described symptom, along with rhinorrhoea [20,24]. Nash et al presented the case of a 27-year-old woman diagnosed with intraparenchymal pneumocephalus which manifested with a sudden onset of alien limb syndrome [9].…”

Section: Pneumocephalus Associated With Bone Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pneumocephalus as a rare complication: a systematic review plus clinical vignette

Śmiłowska

Sznajder-Stacha

Kocyłowski

et al. 2021

Neurol Neurochir Pol.

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Introduction. Pneumocephalus is a clinical entity characterised by the presence of gas in the intracranial space. It can result from many different causes. The most common cause is head or facial trauma. Other causes include neoplasms, infections, and surgical or diagnostic procedures. Spontaneous non-traumatic pneumocephalus is a rare condition caused by bone defects, malformations, infections, tumours, intravenous air injection, and other causes. This review, supplemented with a case presentation, aims to summarise the current state of knowledge regarding non-traumatic pneumocephalus.Methodology. This review involved an electronic search (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) to identify studies regarding non-traumatic pneumocephalus. In addition, reference lists of identified articles were screened for other potentially relevant papers.Results. In total, 1,107 articles were retrieved by searching databases with the selected query. Based on the selection process, 134 articles were included. These articles were then classified into 'otogenic' , 'bone defect' , 'malformations' , 'infectious' , 'tumours' , 'associated with intravenous air injection' , and other categories. Conclusion.Spontaneous non-traumatic pneumocephalus is a rare condition. Symptoms, clinical courses, and prognoses vary depending on the underlying cause of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this review's example is the first case report of spontaneous pneumocephalus due to air embolism secondary to lung cancer.

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Tension pneumocephalus and rhinorrhea revealing spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula of the anterior cranial base

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

An Adult Case of Pneumocephalus and Pneumococcal Meningitis Associated with the Sphenoid Sinusitis

An Adult Case of Pneumocephalus and Pneumococcal Meningitis Associated with the Sphenoid Sinusitis

Pneumocephalus as a Rare Presentation of Acute Sinusitis with Intracranial Extension – Two Cases and a Review of Literature

Pneumocephalus as a rare complication: a systematic review plus clinical vignette

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