Tensor Network Quantum Virtual Machine for Simulating Quantum Circuits at Exascale

Abstract

The numerical simulation of quantum circuits is an indispensable tool for development, verification and validation of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms on near-term quantum co-processors. The emergence of exascale high-performance computing (HPC) platforms presents new opportunities for pushing the boundaries of quantum circuit simulation. We present a modernized version of the Tensor Network Quantum Virtual Machine (TNQVM) which serves as a quantum circuit simulation backend in the eXtreme-scale ACCelerator (XACC) framework. The new version is based on the general purpose, scalable tensor network processing library, ExaTN, and provides multiple configurable quantum circuit simulators enabling either exact quantum circuit simulation via the full tensor network contraction, or approximate quantum state representations via suitable tensor factorizations. Upon necessity, stochastic noise modeling from real quantum processors is incorporated into the simulations by modeling quantum channels with Kraus tensors. By combining the portable XACC quantum programming frontend and the scalable ExaTN numerical backend we introduce an end-to-end virtual quantum development environment which can scale from laptops to future exascale platforms. We report initial benchmarks of our framework which include a demonstration of the distributed execution, incorporation of quantum decoherence models, and simulation of the random quantum circuits used for the certification of quantum supremacy on the Google Sycamore superconducting architecture.

ExaTN: Scalable GPU-Accelerated High-Performance Processing of General Tensor Networks at Exascale

“…The ExaTN library has also been extensively employed as a parallel processing backend in the HPC quantum circuit simulator called TN-QVM [12,60], one of the virtual quantum processing unit (QPU) backends available in the hybrid quantum/classical programming framework XACC [61]. TN-QVM implements a number of advanced quantum circuit simulation methods, where each method creates, transforms, and processes all necessary tensor network objects via the ExaTN library.…”

“…Table 3 illustrates performance of the TN-QVM/ExaTN software in simulating a single bit-string amplitude of a 2D random quantum circuit of depth 14 from Google's quantum supremacy experiments [63] on different classical HPC hardware [the performance data is taken from [60]].…”

“…Another approximate quantum circuit simulation method implemented in TN-QVM is based on a matrix product state (MPS) representation of the multi-qubit wave-function [60] which is evaluated via the classical contract/decompose algorithm [12]. This algorithm adapts the simulation accuracy to the available computational resources.…”

Jet: Fast quantum circuit simulations with parallel task-based tensor-network contraction

“…Unfortunately, [25] did not benchmark on Sycamore-53 so we do not know the extent to which this novel slicing method would perform against interleaving slicing with subtree-reconfiguration as was first done in ACQDP [5] and now supported in the current version of CoTenGra [37]. Lastly, the tensor-network simulator Ex-aTN [39] has been used to perform large quantum circuit simulations on Summit. Nguyen et al [39] benchmarked ExaTN on Sycamore-53 (m = 14), however it appears they did not perform pre-contraction simplifications or high-quality path optimization so their run-times are not competitive, despite the compute efficiency of ExaTN being quite high.…”

“…Lastly, the tensor-network simulator Ex-aTN [39] has been used to perform large quantum circuit simulations on Summit. Nguyen et al [39] benchmarked ExaTN on Sycamore-53 (m = 14), however it appears they did not perform pre-contraction simplifications or high-quality path optimization so their run-times are not competitive, despite the compute efficiency of ExaTN being quite high.…”