Tent-roosting by <i>Scotophilus kuhlii</i> (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Philippines

Rickart, Eric A.; Heideman, Paul D.; Utzurrum, Ruth C. B.

doi:10.1017/s0266467400003886

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The shapes of tent-crowns are similar among species having different evolutionary histories and separate geographic distributions. These include one member of the family Pteropodidae (Goodwin 1979), three species of the family Phyllostomidae (subfamily Stenoderminae; Goodwin & Greenhall 1961, Timm 1987 and one species belonging to the family Vespertilionidae (Rickart et al 1989). These observations support the interpretation that similarity in tent architecture is more a reflection of leaf form than of convergence in behaviour by members of distantly related taxa.…”

Section: Tent Architecturementioning

confidence: 59%

“…These include tents constructed in the palms Prichardia pacifica and Livistonia chinensis by Uroderma bilobatum (Barbour 1932), Sabal mauritiiformis by Uroderma bilobatum (Goodwin & Greenhall 1961), Corypha sp. by Cynopterus sphinx (Goodwin 1979), Livistonia rotundifolia by Scotophilus kuhlii (Rickart et al 1989), Sabal mauritiiformis and Coccothrinax barbadensis by Uroderma bilobatum or Artibeus jamaicensis (this study) and in the cyclanth Carludovica palmata by Artibeus watsoni (Timm 1987). In each case the basic pattern of the tent is the same -bats alter the veins and plications in more or less similar ways.…”

Section: Tent Architecturementioning

confidence: 60%

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Tents and harems: apparent defence of foliage roosts by tent-making bats

1996

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Palmate umbrella tents used by tent-making bats in Trinidad, West Indies, were observed in three species of Neotropical palms, Sabal mauritiiformis, Coccothrinax barbadensis and Mauritia flexuosa. Tents were most common in palm leaves that have supporting petioles angled at 50–70° above the horizontal. The shape and volume of tents is influenced mostly by leaf morphology (leaf width and leaflet length) and age of the tent. Tent-crowns varied from being heart-shaped in S. mauritiiformis, oval or round in C. barbadensis and spade-shaped in M. flexuosa. Leaves in which tents were constructed were most often beneath overhanging vegetation, and were generally free of vegetation below, allowing bats to enter and depart from tents without being impeded by the clutter of adjacent vegetation.Singles and small apparent harem groups of two bat species, Artibeus jamaicensis and Uroderma bilobatum, were captured and observed in tents made from the leaves of S. mauritiiformis and C. barbadensis. No bats were observed in tents constructed in leaves of M. flexuosa. The apparent harem social organization in these and other tent-making bat species suggests that leaves modified into tents may provide critical and defendable resources that promote the evolution of polygyny. This hypothesis is based on the observed patchy distribution of suitable palm trees, the inappropriateness of many palm leaves as potential tents and the resultant architecture provided by palmate umbrella tents. We suggest that tent-making is an adult male behaviour.

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Section: Tent Architecturementioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Tent Architecturementioning

confidence: 60%

Tents and harems: apparent defence of foliage roosts by tent-making bats

1996

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“…These observations are augmented by other reports on tent-roosting bats from Costa Rica (Foster and Timm, 1976;Timm and Mortimer, 1976;Timm, 1984, Choe and Timm, 1985Brooke, 1987Brooke, , 1990, Ecuador (Timm, 1987), French Guiana (Brosset and Charles-Dominique, 1990;Charles-Dominique, 1993), India (Balasingh et al, 1993(Balasingh et al, , 1994Bhat and Kunz, 1994), Panama (Barbour, 1932;Chapman, 1932;Ingles, 1953;Choe, 1994), the Philippines (Rickart et al, 1989), Peru (Koepcke, 1984;Timm, 1987;Foster, 1992), Timor (Goodwin, 1979), and Trinidad (Goodwin and Greenhall, 1961;Buchanan, 1969;Kunz and McCracken, 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…b(a) Balasingh et al, 1993; Balasingh et al, 1994;(c) Barbour, 1932; Bhat and Kunz, 1994;(f) Bloedel, 1955; Boinski and Timm, 1985; Boon and Corlett, 1989;(i) Brooke, 1987; (j) Brooke, 1990;(k) Buchanan, 1969;(1) Chapman, 1932;(m) Charles-Domnique, 1993;(n) Choe, 1994;(o) Choe and Timm, 1985;(p) Foster, 1992;(q) Foster and Timm, 1976; A. Gardner, personal communication; (s) Goodwin, 1979; Goodwin and Greenhall, 1961;(u) Ingels, 1953;(v) Koepcke, 1984; Kunz and McCracken, 1994;(x) Lekagul and McNeely, 1977;(y) Lewis, 1992;(z) Phillips, 1924;(aa) Rickart et al, 1989;(bb) Timm, 1984;(cc) Timm, 1987;(dd) Timm and Clauson, 1990; (ee) Timm and Lewis, 1991;(if) Timm and Mortimer, 1976;(gg) this study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence in tent architecture and tent-making behavior among neotropical and paleotropical bats

et al. 1994

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Fifteen species of neotropical and three species of paleotropical bats are known either to roost in or to make tents in over 80 species of vascular plants. We summarize the current knowledge of bat-tent architecture, report two new styles of tents (conical and apical) from the Paleotropics, compare the similarity in tents constructed, or used, by neotropical and paleotropical bats, and consider possible functions of tents. Seven styles of tents are known from the Neotropics, three (conical, palmate umbrella, and apical tents) are known from both the Neo-and the Paleotropics, and one (stem tent) is unique to the Paleotropics. In the Neotropics tent-roosting and/ or tent-making appears to be a behavior unique to the diverse microchiropteran family Phyllostomidae (subfamily Phyllostomatinae: tribe Stenodermatini), and in the Paleotropics two members of the megachiropteran family Pteropodidae and one member of the microchiropteran family Vespertilionidae are known to construct or roost in tents. Despite the variety of plant taxa used by bats in tent construction, there appears to be a limited number of different leaf forms that can be altered by bats and used as tents. We suggest that the similarity in tent architecture observed among the neotropical and paleotropical bats is a consequence of convergence in leaf morphology among forest understory plants. The congruence in tent-making/roosting behavior observed in members of the Stenodermatini and the Pteropodidae (genus Cynopterus) suggests a phylogenetic influence on these behaviors. The similarity in tent-making and/or tent-roosting behavior and life-history traits (small, < 70 g, mostly foliage-roosting frugivores) among these divergent neotropical and paleotropical taxa supports a convergence hypothesis in which members of these groups have become ecological equivalents. Although actual tent-making has been observed in only one bat species to date, we suggest that the principal selective force leading to the evolution of tent-making is a polygynous mating system whereby males construct tents to gain access to females. Tents in turn provide resources that offer protection from predators and inclement weather.

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“…It is suggested that it modifies leaves to form a tent (Phillips, 1924;Lekagul and McNeely, 1977), but this is disputed by Rickart et al (1989). Also roosts in the threshold zone of caves.…”

Section: Recommended Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%