Teoria da Resposta ao Item

Abstract

RESUMOA preocupação com medidas de traços psicológicos é antiga, sendo que muitos estudos e propostas de métodos foram desenvolvidos no sentido de alcançar este objetivo. Entre os trabalhos propostos, destaca-se a Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI) que, a princípio, veio completar limitações da Teoria Clássica de Medidas, empregada em larga escala até hoje na medida de traços psicológicos. O ponto principal da TRI é que ela leva em consideração o item particularmente, sem relevar os escores totais; portanto, as conclusões não dependem apenas do teste ou questionário, mas de cada item que o compõe. Este artigo propõe-se a apresentar esta Teoria que revolucionou a teoria de medidas. DESCRITORES ABSTRACTThe concern with measures of psychological traits is old and many studies and proposals of methods were developed to achieve this goal. Among these proposed methods highlights the Item Response Theory (IRT) that, in principle, came to complete limitations of the Classical Test Theory, which is widely used until nowadays in the measurement of psychological traits. The main point of IRT is that it takes into account the item in particular, not relieving the total scores; therefore, the findings do not only depend on the test or questionnaire, but on each item that composes it. This article proposes to present this Theory that revolutionized the theory of measures. KEY WORDSMeasurements, methods and theories. Psychometrics. Psychological tests. Questionnaires. RESUMENLa preocupación con las medidas de los rasgos psicológicos es antigua y muchos estudios y propuestas de métodos fueron desarrollados para lograr este objetivo. Entre estas propuestas de trabajo se incluye la Teoría de la Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) que, en principio, vino a completar las limitaciones de la Teoría Clásica de los Tests, ampliamente utilizada hasta hoy en la medida de los rasgos psicológicos. El punto principal de la TRI es que se tiene en cuenta el punto concreto, sin relevar las puntuaciones totales; por lo tanto, los resultados no sólo dependen de la prueba o cuestionario, sino que de cada ítem que lo compone. En este artí-culo se propone presentar la Teoría que revolucionó la teoría de medidas. DESCRIPTORESMediciones, métodos y teorías. Psicometría. Pruebas psicológicas. Cuestionario.

Three-Parameter Logistic Model (ML3): A Bibliometrics Analysis

“…This is possible because IRT has as its central elements the items, instead of the global evaluation [10].…”

“…According to Araujo, Andrade and Bortolloti [10], IRT models lack the type of item and type of response method, being they cumulative or not. The fundamental discrepancy between the two models lies in the connection of the assertive response probability given by an individual to an item in relation to its characteristics in cumulative models.…”

“…For non-cumulative models, in some cases the probability is, for example, related to the function of the distance between the parameters and the item in the scale and do not exactly depends exclusively on the parameters and the latent trait [11]. IRT offers mathematical models for latent traits, providing ways of representing the relationship between the probability of an individual to give a certain response to an item, its latent trait and item's characteristics (parameters), in the area of study knowledge [10,11].…”

Functional Capacity Index in Elderly: Construction through the Item Response Theory

“…Thus, IRT allows scales to be elaborated, revised and optimized for specific uses, employing patterns of responses in probabilistic terms. Item Response Theory is also often designed to measure skills or abilities highlighting features that cannot be observed directly [4].…”

“…Performance test items inherently satisfy this assumption; therefore, monotonicity is implicitly assumed. Item Response Theory is a breakthrough in the measurement processes, especially as it enables the existing dimensions in the evaluation of specific characteristics to be expressed in a single latent trait scale [4]. Therefore, IRT allows the functional capacity index (FCI), the latent trait proposed in this study, to measure different elderly persons or the same individuals in various health conditions and have their functional abilities compared through common items.…”