Tephra sedimentation during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption (Iceland) from deposit, radar, and satellite observations

Bonadonna, Costanza; Genco, Riccardo; Gouhier, Mathieu; Pistolesi, Marco; Cioni, Raffaello; Alfano, Fabrizio; Höskuldsson, Ármann; Ripepe, Maurizio

doi:10.1029/2011jb008462

Cited by 159 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

203

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The smaller the grain size the easier it is transported over long distances. Because of reconstruction of the main mode of the Eyjafjallajökull tephra fall out (Bonadonna et al 2011 andFolch et al 2012), ash has been used in the grain sizes 1 ϕ (500 μm) and 3.5 ϕ (90 μm) in the experiments. The bulk density for the 1 ϕ ash was measured as 2.57 g cm −3 and for 3.5 ϕ 2.46 g cm .…”

Section: Origin and Properties Of Ash Used In The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull ) not only influenced the whole global air traffic by tephra release into the atmosphere up to 10 km a.s.l. reaching as far as the southern parts of Europe (e.g., Bonadonna et al 2011;Bursik et al 2012;Gudmundsson et al 2012a) but also drastically influenced the albedo of glaciers in Iceland (Gudmundsson et al 2012b andPálsson et al 2013). The majority of Icelandic tephra is basaltic in origin resulting from the mid ocean ridge basalt, but the chemical composition of tephra varies between different volcanic systems and even eruptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insulation effects of Icelandic dust and volcanic ash on snow and ice

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the Arctic region, Iceland is an important source of dust due to ash production from volcanic eruptions. In addition, dust is resuspended from the surface into the atmosphere as several dust storms occur each year. During volcanic eruptions and dust storms, material is deposited on the glaciers where it influences their energy balance. The effects of deposited volcanic ash on ice and snow melt were examined using laboratory and outdoor experiments. These experiments were made during the snow melt period using two different ash grain sizes (1 ϕ and 3.5 ϕ) from the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption, collected on the glacier. Different amounts of ash were deposited on snow or ice, after which the snow properties and melt were measured. The results show that a thin ash layer increases the snow and ice melt but an ash layer exceeding a certain critical thickness caused insulation. Ash with 1 ϕ in grain size insulated the ice below at a thickness of 9-15 mm. For the 3.5 ϕ grain size, the insulation thickness is 13 mm. The maximum melt occurred at a thickness of 1 mm for the 1 ϕ and only 1-2 mm for 3.5 ϕ ash. A map of dust concentrations on Vatnajökull that represents the dust deposition during the summer of 2013 is presented with concentrations ranging from 0.2 up to 16.6 g m −2 .

show abstract

Section: Origin and Properties Of Ash Used In The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulation effects of Icelandic dust and volcanic ash on snow and ice

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They arise due to compositional differences between the intruding fluid and the surrounding ambient, which perturb the pressure distribution, generate horizontal pressure gradients and give rise to the motion. craft engines and the closure of airspace to mitigate this hazard [4,5]. Volcanic plumes rise from their source, mixing with the atmosphere, until their bulk density matches that of the surroundings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained axisymmetric intrusions in a rotating system

Ungarish

Johnson

Hogg

2016

European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We analyse the effects of rotation on the propagation of an axisymmetric intrusion through a linearly stratified ambient fluid, arising from a sustained source at the level of neutral buoyancy. This scenario occurs during the horizontal spreading of a large volcanic ash cloud, which occurs after the plume has risen to its neutral buoyancy level. A simple and well-accepted approximation for the flow at late times is that inertial effects are negligible. This leads to a lensshaped intrusion governed by a balance between Coriolis accelerations and horizontal pressure gradients, with a radius scaling with time as r N ∼ t 1/3 . However, we show using shallow-layer model that inertial forces cannot be neglected until significant times after the beginning of the influx. These inertial forces result in the flow forming two distinct domains, separated by a moving hydraulic jump: an outer 'head' region in which the radial velocity and thickness vary with time, and a thinner 'tail' region in which the flow is steady. Initially, the flow expands rapidly and this tail region occupies most of the flow. After about one half-revolution of the system, Coriolis accelerations halt the advance of the front, and the hydraulic jump separating the two regions propagates back towards the source of the intrusion. Only after approximately one and a half rotations of the system does inertia become insignificant and the Coriolis lens solution, with r N ∼ t 1/3 , become established. Importantly, this means that neither inertia nor Coriolis accelerations can be neglected when modelling intrusions from volcanic eruptions. We exploit the two-region flow structure to construct a new hybrid model, comprising just two ordinary differential equations for the intrusion radius and location of the hydraulic jump.This hybrid model is much simpler than the shallow-layer model, but nonetheless accurately predicts flow properties such as the intrusion radius at all stages of motion, without requiring fitted or adjustable parameters.

show abstract

“…Sigurdsson et al, 1984;Bonasia et al, 2012) and the weak plume formed during the 6 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption (e.g. Bonadonna et al, 2011;.…”

Section: Test Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gudmundsson et al, 2012). During 4-8 May, Bonadonna et al (2011) performed in situ observations of tephra accumulation rates and PLUDIX Doppler radar measurements of settling velocities at different locations, which then used to determine erupted mass, mass eruption rates and grain size distributions. The authors estimated a TGSD representative of 30 min of eruption by combining ground-based grain-size observations (using a Voronoi tessellation technique) and ash mass retrievals (7-9 particles) from MSG-SEVIRI satellite imagery for 6 May between 11:00 and 11:30 UTC.…”

Section: May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

FPLUME-1.0: An integral volcanic plume model accounting for ash aggregation

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Eruption source parameters (ESP) characterizing volcanic eruption plumes are crucial inputs for atmospheric tephra dispersal models, used for hazard assessment and risk mitigation. We present FPLUME-1.0, a steady-state 1-D (one-dimensional) cross-section-averaged eruption column model based on the buoyant plume theory (BPT). The model accounts for plume bending by wind, entrainment of ambient moisture, effects of water phase changes, particle fallout and re-entrainment, a new parameterization for the air entrainment coefficients and a model for wet aggregation of ash particles in the presence of liquid water or ice. In the occurrence of wet aggregation, the model predicts an effective grain size distribution depleted in fines with respect to that erupted at the vent. Given a wind profile, the model can be used to determine the column height from the eruption mass flow rate or vice versa. The ultimate goal is to improve ash cloud dispersal forecasts by better constraining the ESP (column height, eruption rate and vertical distribution of mass) and the effective particle grain size distribution resulting from eventual wet aggregation within the plume. As test cases we apply the model to the eruptive phase-B of the 4 April 1982 El Chichón volcano eruption (México) and the 6 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption phase (Iceland). The modular structure of the code facilitates the implementation in the future code versions of more quantitative ash aggregation parameterization as further observations and experiment data will be available for better constraining ash aggregation processes.

show abstract

Tephra sedimentation during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption (Iceland) from deposit, radar, and satellite observations

Cited by 159 publications

References 28 publications

Insulation effects of Icelandic dust and volcanic ash on snow and ice

Insulation effects of Icelandic dust and volcanic ash on snow and ice

Sustained axisymmetric intrusions in a rotating system

FPLUME-1.0: An integral volcanic plume model accounting for ash aggregation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About