Tephrostratigraphy of proximal pyroclastic sequences at Mount Melbourne (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): Insights into the volcanic activity since the last glacial period

Carlo, Paola Del; Roberto, Alessio Di; Vincenzo, Gianfranco Di; Re, Giuseppe; Albert, Paul G.; Nazzari, Manuela; Smith, Victoria; Cannata, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107457

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The RICE englacial cryptotephra is, however, slightly more silicic and enriched in CaO and MnO compared to the most recent deposits found on Mt. Melbourne (Supplementary File 1 ), which likely originate from Strombolian to sub-Plinian/Plinian-scale explosive eruptions 53 , 54 . The trachytic-rhyolitic pumice fall deposits that compose the crater rim and are extensively dispersed around Mt.…”

Section: Results and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The trachytic-rhyolitic pumice fall deposits that compose the crater rim and are extensively dispersed around Mt. Melbourne have been difficult to date because of their young age 53 , 54 . We instead geochemically correlate our englacial cryptotephra with three cryptotephra layers reported by Di Roberto et al 52 that are derived from younger, previously unknown, explosive eruptions of Mt.…”

Section: Results and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanic glass from the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand) detected in Antarctic ice at ~ 230 CE

Piva,

Barker,

Iverson

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Chemical anomalies in polar ice core records are frequently linked to volcanism; however, without the presence of (crypto)tephra particles, links to specific eruptions remain speculative. Correlating tephras yields estimates of eruption timing and potential source volcano, offers refinement of ice core chronologies, and provides insights into volcanic impacts. Here, we report on sparse rhyolitic glass shards detected in the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core (West Antarctica), attributed to the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand)—one of the largest and most energetic Holocene eruptions globally. Six shards of a distinctive geochemical composition, identical within analytical uncertainties to proximal Taupō glass, are accompanied by a single shard indistinguishable from glass of the ~25.5 ka Ōruanui supereruption, also from Taupō volcano. This double fingerprint uniquely identifies the source volcano and helps link the shards to the climactic phase of the Taupō eruption. The englacial Taupō-derived glass shards coincide with a particle spike and conductivity anomaly at 278.84 m core depth, along with trachytic glass from a local Antarctic eruption of Mt. Melbourne. The assessed age of the sampled ice is 230 ± 19 CE (95% confidence), confirming that the published radiocarbon wiggle-match date of 232 ± 10 CE (2 SD) for the Taupō eruption is robust.

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Section: Results and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Results and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic glass from the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand) detected in Antarctic ice at ~ 230 CE

Piva,

Barker,

Iverson

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…report; Armienti et al., 1991; Giordano et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2015; Müller et al., 1991). In the summit of MM, positive magnetic anomalies, field evidence and historical observations on ice thickness indicate volcanic activity occurred until recent times (Adamson & Cavaney, 1967; Del Carlo et al., 2022; Keys et al., 1983; Lee et al., 2019; Lyon, 1986; Nathan & Schulte, 1968); the latter eruptions deposited tephra layers thick about 5 m in the eastern crater rim (Wörner & Viereck, 1989). For a comprehensive overview of all age estimates and magnetic remanence inclination data available for each volcanic sub‐suite, refer to Table S2 in Supporting Information S1.…”

Section: Geophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This field, placed between the Transantarctic Mountains rift shoulder and the western side of the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS) (Figure 1a), is considered to have the potential for future large‐scale explosive eruptions (Giordano et al., 2012). However, despite a variety of geological, geochemical and geophysical investigations performed to improve the knowledge of the MVF and assess its hazard (Adamson & Cavaney, 1967; Armstrong, 1978; Armienti et al., 1988; Armienti et al., 1991; Beccaluva, Coltorti, et al., 1991; Beccaluva, Civetta, et al., 1991; Bonaccorso et al., 1995; Bonaccorso et al., 1996; Cremisini et al., 1991; Del Carlo et al., 2022; Ferraccioli et al., 2000; Gambino et al., 2016; Gambino et al., 2021; GANOVEX Team, 1987; Giordano et al., 2012; Gubellini & Postpischl, 1991; Hörnig et al., 1991; Keys et al., 1983; Lanzafame & Villari, 1991; Lanza et al., 1991; Lee et al., 2015; Lyon, 1986; Lyon & Giggenbach, 1974; Manzoni & Miletto, 1988; Müller et al., 1991; Nathan & Schulte, 1967, 1968; Pasquale et al., 2009; Vignaroli et al., 2015; Wörner & Viereck, 1987, 1989; Wörner et al., 1989), there is no clear consensus on its geological structure and temporal evolution. The main reason is that ice covers most of the volcano, limiting the data collection to small, scattered areas of geological outcrops which prevent a detailed characterization of the volcanic area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sub‐Ice Structure of Mt. Melbourne Volcanic Field (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica) Uncovered by High‐Resolution Aeromagnetic Data

et al. 2023

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The Mt. Melbourne Volcanic Field is a quiescent volcanic complex located in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, mostly covered by ice. Its inner structure has remained largely unknown, due to the paucity of outcrops and the lack of detailed multi‐disciplinary investigations. Here we present a novel high‐resolution aeromagnetic dataset, revealing strong long‐wavelength negative anomalies superimposed by short‐wavelength positive ones forming characteristic radial patterns. Automatic lineament detection, through the Hough transform technique applied to the tilt derivative of our magnetic dataset, shows prevailing NW‐SE‐to NNE‐SSW‐trending structural features, which combined with the few structural field observations contribute to define the deformation pattern. Pre‐existing and novel magnetic property measurements, coupled with available geochronological data, are used to constrain a two‐step 3D magnetic inversion. A layer‐structured Oldenburg‐Parker's inversion was utilized to model the deep and long‐wavelength components of the magnetic field, whereas a linear inversion based on a set of shallower prisms was used to model the short‐wavelength components. The final 3D model shows widespread reversely‐polarized volcanics, which are locally intruded and superimposed, respectively by swarms of normally‐polarized dikes and radial lava flows along paleo‐valleys. These results support the onset of volcanic activity in the entire field at least in the Matuyama magnetic epoch, that is, between 2.58 and 0.78 Ma.

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“…The last eruption of Mount Melbourne is likely to have occurred around 1892 CE [10,11]. Since the last eruptions were explosive and associated with evolved magma compositions, sub-Plinian/Plinian explosive activity could potentially occur in the future [12]. Moreover, the presence of ice enhances the risk of hydrovolcanic eruptions, which could turn small-volume eruptions into highly explosive ash-forming events due to magma-water interactions [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica)

Larocca,

Contrafatto,

Cannata

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Volcano monitoring is the key approach in mitigating the risks associated with volcanic phenomena. Although Antarctic volcanoes are characterized by remoteness, the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption and the 2022 Hunga eruption have reminded us that even the farthest and/or least-known volcanoes can pose significant hazards to large and distant communities. Hence, it is important to also develop monitoring systems in the Antarctic volcanoes, which involves installing and maintaining multiparametric instrument networks. These tasks are particularly challenging in polar regions as the instruments have to face the most extreme climate on the Earth, characterized by very low temperatures and strong winds. In this work, we describe the multiparametric monitoring system recently deployed on the Melbourne volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica), consisting of seismic, geochemical and thermal sensors together with powering, transmission and acquisition systems. Particular strategies have been applied to make the monitoring stations efficient despite the extreme weather conditions. Fumarolic ice caves, located on the summit area of the Melbourne volcano, were chosen as installation sites as they are protected places where no storm can damage the instruments and temperatures are close to 0 °C all year round. In addition, the choice of instruments and their operating mode has also been driven by the necessity to reduce energy consumption. Indeed, one of the most complicated tasks in Antarctica is powering a remote instrument year-round. The technological solutions found to implement the monitoring system of the Melbourne volcano and described in this work can help create volcano monitoring infrastructures in other polar environments.

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Tephrostratigraphy of proximal pyroclastic sequences at Mount Melbourne (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): Insights into the volcanic activity since the last glacial period

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Volcanic glass from the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand) detected in Antarctic ice at ~ 230 CE

Volcanic glass from the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand) detected in Antarctic ice at ~ 230 CE

The Sub‐Ice Structure of Mt. Melbourne Volcanic Field (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica) Uncovered by High‐Resolution Aeromagnetic Data

Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica)

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