Terahertz Heterodyne Imaging Part II: Instruments

Siegel, Peter H.; Dengler, Robert J.

doi:10.1007/s10762-006-9109-4

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Heterodyne detectors, in which the signals with THz and sub−THz frequencies are down−converted to intermediate frequency (IF) signals, preserving the amplitude and phase information of the incoming radiation, for several decades are the detectors of choice for high resolution spectroscopic studies, cosmic remote sensing and relatively recently for mm and sub−mm imaging [1,58].…”

Section: Heterodyne Detection Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz radiation sensors

Сизов

2010

Opto-Electronics Review

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In the paper, issues associated with the development and exploitation of terahertz (THz) radiation detectors are discussed. The paper is written for those readers who desire an analysis of the latest developments in different type of THz radiation sensors (detectors), which play an increasing role in different areas of human activity (e.g., security, biological, drugs and explosions detection, imaging, astronomy applications, etc.). The basic physical phenomena and the recent progress in both direct and heterodyne detectors are discussed. More details concern Schottky barrier diodes, pair braking detectors, hot electron mixers, and field-effect transistor detectors. Also the operational conditions of THz detectors and their upper performance limits are discussed.

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Section: Heterodyne Detection Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz radiation sensors

Сизов

2010

Opto-Electronics Review

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“…THz radiation is frequently treated as the spectral region within frequency range n » 1-10 THz (l » 300-30 μm) [1][2][3] and it is partly overlapping with the loosely treated submillimeter (sub−mm) wavelength band n » 0.1-3 THz (l » 3 mm -100 μm) [4]. Even a wider region n » 0.1-10 THz [5,6] is treated as THz band overlapping thus with sub−mm wavelength band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous recent breakthroughs in the field have pushed THz research into the centre stage. As exam− ples of milestone achievements can be included the devel− opment of THz time−domain spectroscopy (TDS), THz ima− ging, and high−power THz generation by means of nonlin− ear effects [1][2][3]. Researches evolved with THz technolo− gies are now receiving an increasing attention, and devices exploiting this wavelength band are set to become increas− ingly important in a diverse range of human activity appli− cations (e.g., security, biological, drugs and explosion de− tection, gases fingerprints, imaging, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor detectors and focal plane arrays for far-infrared imaging

Rogalski

2013

Opto-Electronics Review

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The detection of far-infrared (far-IR) and sub-mm-wave radiation is resistant to the commonly employed techniques in the neighbouring microwave and IR frequency bands. In this wavelength detection range the use of solid state detectors has been hampered for the reasons of transit time of charge carriers being larger than the time of one oscillation period of radiation. Also the energy of radiation quanta is substantially smaller than the thermal energy at room temperature and even liquid nitrogen temperature. The realization of terahertz (THz) emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics.Development of semiconductor focal plane arrays started in seventies last century and has revolutionized imaging systems in the next decades. This paper presents progress in far-IR and sub-mm-wave semiconductor detector technology of focal plane arrays during the past twenty years. Special attention is given on recent progress in the detector technologies for real-time uncooled THz focal plane arrays such as Schottky barrier arrays, field-effect transistor detectors, and microbolometers. Also cryogenically cooled silicon and germanium extrinsic photoconductor arrays, and semiconductor bolometer arrays are considered.

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“…THz heterodyne detectors based on superconducting bolometers, superconducting tunnel junctions, and Schottky diodes have found important applications in radioastronomy 8,9 and laboratory spectroscopy. 10 Superconducting detectors are more sensitive and require smaller LO power, but Schottky diodes have a larger IF bandwidth and can operate at higher temperatures. Carbon nanotubes offer the potential for a THz heterodyne detector with a very large IF bandwidth and modest LO power requirements, 7 and hence may prove to be an attractive complement to superconducting detectors and Schottky diodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bolometric and nonbolometric radio frequency detection in a metallic single-walled carbon nanotube

Santavicca

Chudow

Prober

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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We characterize radio frequency detection in a high-quality metallic single-walled carbon nanotube. At a bath temperature of 77 K, only bolometric (thermal) detection is seen. At a bath temperature of 4.2 K and low bias current, the response is due instead to the electrical nonlinearity of the non-ohmic contacts. At higher bias currents, the contacts recover ohmic behavior and the observed response agrees well with the calculated bolometric responsivity. The bolometric response is expected to operate at terahertz frequencies, and we discuss some of the practical issues associated with developing high frequency detectors based on carbon nanotubes.

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Terahertz Heterodyne Imaging Part II: Instruments

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

THz radiation sensors

THz radiation sensors

Semiconductor detectors and focal plane arrays for far-infrared imaging

Bolometric and nonbolometric radio frequency detection in a metallic single-walled carbon nanotube

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