Terahertz photonic crystal fiber for sensing the creatinine level in the blood

Abstract

In this work, THz photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is used to detect the creatinine level in the blood with high sensitivity. The sensing technique depends on increasing the light interaction with the analyte infiltrated into the air holes in the fiber core region. In this regard, most of the light power should be confined through the analyte region. This will increase the relative sensitivity coefficient that is proportional to the analyte power fraction. The operation of the suggested sensor is based on studying the light–analyte interaction at different creatinine concentrations by detecting the change of the analyte power fraction against the change of the creatinine level in the blood at the THz range 0.5–1.5 THz. The effective mode index (neff), effective material loss (EML), effective modal area (Aeff), and relative sensor sensitivity are calculated using the full vectorial finite element method. Additionally, the different geometrical parameters are studied to maximize the sensor’s sensitivity. The proposed THz-PCF has a 93% and 95% relative sensitivity for x- and y-polarized modes, respectively. Therefore, the suggested THz-PCF biosensor gives a promising usage in measuring the creatinine level in the blood.

Structure optimization of large-solid-core photonic crystal fibers based on Ge\(_{20}\)Sb\(_{5}\)Se\(_{75}\) for optical applications

“…PCFs possess remarkable characteristics, including high numerical aperture, strong birefringence, extremely large mode areas, and the ability to operate in single mode over a broad spectrum [2][3][4]. More recently, PCFs have transitioned from the confines of the laboratory to find utility in various fields such as optical communication, fiber light sources, fiber optic sensors, non-linear devices, and opto-fluidic devices [5][6][7]. Moreover, these fibers play a crucial role in the development of broad supercontinuum (SC) sources [8][9][10], which have found applications in a wide range of fields, including optical coherence tomography, optical metrology, and spectroscopy [11][12][13].…”