Terahertz Pulsed Imaging of Human Breast Tumors

Fitzgerald, Anthony J.; Wallace, Vincent P.; Jimenez-Liñan, Mercedes; Bobrow, Lynda G.; Pye, R.J.; Purushotham, Arnie; Arnone, D. D.

doi:10.1148/radiol.2392041315

Cited by 366 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, tissue specimens used in the present study were all dehydrated after fixation, therefore the influence of water was completely negligible. On the other hand, in several previous reports, differences between THz images and histological findings have been discussed, especially the differences between diseased and normal tissues, but the relationship between the increase of cell/tissue density and THz transmittance has not been examined until now (Woodward et al 2002a(Woodward et al , 2002b(Woodward et al , 2003Wallace et al 2004a;Fitzgerald et al 2006). In this study, high THz wave absorbance in the metastatic liver tissue specimen was probably due to increased cell/tissue density, indicating that THz wave absorbance is greater in metastatic lesions than in normal tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports indicate that, especially in basal cell carcinoma, different kinds of tissues are clearly distinguishable in THz images due to THz transmittance variation (Knobloch et al 2002;Woodward et al 2002aWoodward et al , 2002bWoodward et al , 2003Wallace et al 2004a). Recently, Fitzgerald et al (2006) reported the possibility of breast cancer diagnosis using THz images with a fresh, nonfixed tissue specimen as well as a paraffin specimen. However, tissue characteristics that negatively influence THz transmittance must be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use in imaging for histopathological diagnosis has been reported since the latter half of the 1990s. Contrast images associated with different degrees of absorption or reflection of THz waves have been obtained for normal tissues, such as muscles, fatty tissue and cartilage, as well as for cancer tissue (Arnone et al 1999;Knobloch et al 2002;Woodward et al 2002aWoodward et al , 2002bWoodward et al , 2003Wallace et al 2004a;Nishizawa et al 2005;Fitzgerald et al 2006;Nakajima et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Terahertz-Wave Spectroscopy for Precise Histopathological Imaging of Tumor and Non-tumor Lesions in Paraffin Sections

Miura

Kamataki

Uzuki

et al. 2011

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Terahertz (THz; 10 12 Hz) waves have a frequency from 0.1 to 10 THz between the visible light and microwave domains. THz waves are expected to be useful for analysis of the histological features, without any staining procedure that is an indispensable prerequisite for optical microscopy. It has been demonstrated that THz transmittances at cancer and normal tissues are different. However, spectroscopy that is currently used is applicable for imaging only small areas at fixed-wavelength. In this study, we have developed a spectrometer employing a gallium phosphide (GaP) THz-generator and applied it to examine large areas of tissue specimens using a wide range of wavelengths. We thus examined the whole areas of two paraffin sections (metastatic liver cancer and acute myocardial infarction) in a frequency range of 1 to 6 THz, and compared the THz images of ordinary paraffin sections with the histological features detected by microscopy. THz imaging showed striking contrasts between cancerous and non-cancerous regions at 3.7 THz. Likewise, the precise imaging was achieved in the infarct myocardium at 3.6 THz. Images of THz transmittances in optimal wavelength were well matched with HE histological features both in cancer and myocardial tissues. Cancer regions showed higher transmittance than non-cancerous regions in liver. Old scar regions showed low transmittance, and necrotic regions showed relatively higher transmittance than normal myocardial areas. Thus, THz imaging precisely reflects tissue conditions such as tumor, non-tumor tissues, tissue degeneration and fibrosis. The newly established THz spectroscopy would be useful for pathological diagnosis of routinely processed specimens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terahertz-Wave Spectroscopy for Precise Histopathological Imaging of Tumor and Non-tumor Lesions in Paraffin Sections

Miura

Kamataki

Uzuki

et al. 2011

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…All lymph node specimens were imaged using a THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) system operating in reflection mode [12]. The THz pulse was generated by an InAs wafer pumped by a Ti:Sapphire laser with a center wavelength of 790 nm, a pulse width of 100 fs, and a repetition rate of 80 MHz.…”

Section: Image Acquisition and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, terahertz (THz) imaging technology has shown great promise and has increasingly been performed for cancer diagnosis and treatment [11][12][13]. Although THz imaging may improve the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in cervical cancer patients, it has not yet been evaluated in this setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Pulse Imaging of Micro-metastatic Lymph Nodes in Early-stage Cervical Cancer Patients

Jung

Lim

Moon

et al. 2011

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer patients. We report THz imaging for detecting micro-metastatic foci in the lymph nodes of early-stage uterine cervical cancer patients. Five paraffin-embedded metastatic lymph nodes from two cervical cancer patients were imaged using a THz time-domain spectroscopy system in the reflection mode. The size and shape of the tumor regions were compared with those from histopathologic examinations. The metastatic portions of lymph nodes as small as 3 mm were well delineated by THz imaging. The reflected peak amplitudes were lower in metastatic portions than in the normal portions of lymph nodes, and the difference in their peak-to-peak amplitudes was ~5%.

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Miniaturized Optical Sensors for Medical Diagnostics

Kim

Mizaikoff

2014

Handbook of Spectroscopy

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Terahertz Pulsed Imaging of Human Breast Tumors

Cited by 366 publications

References 28 publications

Terahertz-Wave Spectroscopy for Precise Histopathological Imaging of Tumor and Non-tumor Lesions in Paraffin Sections

Terahertz-Wave Spectroscopy for Precise Histopathological Imaging of Tumor and Non-tumor Lesions in Paraffin Sections

Terahertz Pulse Imaging of Micro-metastatic Lymph Nodes in Early-stage Cervical Cancer Patients

Miniaturized Optical Sensors for Medical Diagnostics

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