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Electric field measurement techniques based on Rydberg atoms have proven to have unique advantages in high sensitivity and have drawn wide attention in microwave electric field metrology and communication. The Rydberg states employed for microwave sensing are usually excited by two- or three-step laser irradiation. It leads to the Rydberg atoms being populated by some specific magnetic quantum number states determined by the laser polarization configurations, whose further coupling to another Rydberg state is also constrained by the microwave polarization. Based on a three-laser optical excitation, we demonstrate this effect on the microwave spectra of the 85Rb transitions 41F7/2 → 42D5/2 and 41F7/2 → 41G7/2 at various combining polarization configurations. It shows a strong polarization dependence on the microwave spectrum and then affects the sensitivity of Rydberg atom-based microwave field sensing. Advisable polarization schemes for higher sensitivity are suggested by the two types of transitions.
Electric field measurement techniques based on Rydberg atoms have proven to have unique advantages in high sensitivity and have drawn wide attention in microwave electric field metrology and communication. The Rydberg states employed for microwave sensing are usually excited by two- or three-step laser irradiation. It leads to the Rydberg atoms being populated by some specific magnetic quantum number states determined by the laser polarization configurations, whose further coupling to another Rydberg state is also constrained by the microwave polarization. Based on a three-laser optical excitation, we demonstrate this effect on the microwave spectra of the 85Rb transitions 41F7/2 → 42D5/2 and 41F7/2 → 41G7/2 at various combining polarization configurations. It shows a strong polarization dependence on the microwave spectrum and then affects the sensitivity of Rydberg atom-based microwave field sensing. Advisable polarization schemes for higher sensitivity are suggested by the two types of transitions.
Terahertz heterodyne receivers with high sensitivity and spectral resolution are crucial for various applications. Here, we present a room-temperature atomic terahertz heterodyne receiver that achieves ultrahigh sensitivity and frequency resolution. At a signal frequency of 338.7 GHz, we obtained a sensitivity of 2.88±0.09 µVcm-1Hz-1/2 for electric field measurements. The calibrated linear dynamical range spans approximately 89 dB, ranging from -110 dBV/cm to -21 dBV/cm. We demodulate a 400 symbol stream encoded in 4-state phase-shift keying, demonstrating excellent phase detection capability. By scanning the frequency of the local oscillator, we realized a terahertz spectrometer with Hz level frequency resolution. This resolution is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of existing terahertz spectrometers. The demonstrated terahertz heterodyne receiver holds promising potential for working across the entire terahertz spectrum, significantly advancing its practical applications.
We propose a Rydberg atom-based receiver for amplitude-modulation (AM) reception utilizing a dual-tone microwave field. The pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) signal is encoded in the basic microwave field (B-MW) at the frequency of 14.23 GHz. The signal can be decoded by the atomic receiver itself but more obvious with the introduction of an auxiliary microwave (A-MW) field. The receiver’s amplitude variations corresponding to microwave field are simulated by solving density matrices to give this mechanism theoretical support. An appropriate AM frequency is obtained by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, guaranteeing both large data transfer capacity (DTC) and high fidelity of the receiver. The power of two MW fields, along with the B-MW field frequency, is studied to acquire larger DTC and wider operating bandwidth. Finally, the readout of PRBS signals is performed by both the proposed and conventional mechanisms, and the comparison proves the obvious increment of DTC with the proposed scheme. This proof-of-principle demonstration exhibits the potential of the dual-tone scheme and offers a novel pathway for Rydberg atom-based microwave communication, which is beneficial for long-distance communication and weak signal perception outside the laboratory.
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