Terahertz Response of a Microfabricated Rod–Split-Ring-Resonator Electromagnetic Metamaterial

Abstract

The first electromagnetic metamaterials (EM3) produced by microfabrication are reported. They are based on the rod-split-ring-resonator design as proposed by Pendry et al. [IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999)] and experimentally confirmed by Smith et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000)] in the GHz frequency range. Numerical simulation and experimental results from far infrared (FIR) transmission spectroscopy support the conclusion that the microfabricated composite material is EM3 in the range 1-2.7 THz. This extends the frequency range in which EM3 are available by about 3 orders of magnitude well into the FIR, thereby widely opening up opportunities to verify the unusual physical implications on electromagnetic theory as well as to build novel electromagnetic and optical devices.

Negative Refraction in Weyl Semimetals

“…[9][10][11][12] These structures usually contain an array of split ring resonators [6,[13][14][15] or dielectric photonic crystals with periodically modulated ε and µ, [2,6,16] which are often complicated to fabricate. To overcome the difficulties, in this paper we predict that negative refraction can take place in a bulk Weyl semimetal (WSM) even without having negative µ and without constructing complicated structure.…”

Effective Sensing Volume of Terahertz Metamaterial with Various Gap Widths

“…In the last decade, many types of metamaterial structures were suggested such as single split, double split, and electrical split ring resonators operating across various frequency ranges [7][8][9][10][11]. They consist of an array of metallic resonators that interact with electromagnetic waves.…”

3D THz metamaterials from micro/nanomanufacturing

“…Process materials like substrates, resists, and sputter targets should be readily available. State-of-the-art experimental devices were made primarily from -primary pattern generation including direct writing by means of electron, laser, and ion beams [13,41] -UV or X-ray lithography (LIGA) [11,13,15,16,19] -Nanoimprint lithography [50] -Interferometric lithography enhanced by other process steps [14,51] -direct laser writing exploiting two-photon-absorption in resist [44][45][46] -directional evaporation and deposition [47] -electroplating in porous alumina templates [48] -self-rolling of strained layers [52]. Furthermore, Moser et al proposed plastic molding of metamaterials, in particular, of the meta-foil [53].…”

“…Present day electromagnetic metamaterials in the THz range usually come as composite materials with micro/nanometer range metallic elements, the so-called inclusions, embedded in a plastic matrix or deposited on a dielectric substrate. Figure 1 shows a few selected samples of metamaterials starting with the original GHz rod-splitring materials designed and realized by Pendry et al [8], Smith et al [9,10], and extending to near infrared and optical frequencies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, latest developments like the free-standing bi-layer chip [15,16] and, more so, the meta-foil [19] rely on completely self-supported metamaterials that do no longer need matrices or substrates, thus avoiding constraints of their functionality due to dielectric host materials.…”