Terahertz spectroscopy of diabetic and non-diabetic human blood plasma pellets

Abstract

Significance: The creation of fundamentally new approaches to storing various biomaterial and estimation parameters, without irreversible loss of any biomaterial, is a pressing challenge in clinical practice. We present a technology for studying samples of diabetic and non-diabetic human blood plasma in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. Aim: The main idea of our study is to propose a method for diagnosis and storing the samples of diabetic and non-diabetic human blood plasma and to study these samples in the THz frequency range. Approach: Venous blood from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and conditionally healthy participants was collected. To limit the impact of water in the THz spectra, lyophilization of liquid samples and their pressing into a pellet were performed. These pellets were analyzed using THz time-domain spectroscopy. The differentiation between the THz spectral data was conducted using multivariate statistics to classify non-diabetic and diabetic groups' spectra. Results: We present the density-normalized absorption and refractive index for diabetic and nondiabetic pellets in the range 0.2 to 1.4 THz. Over the entire THz frequency range, the normalized index of refraction of diabetes pellets exceeds this indicator of non-diabetic pellet on average by 9% to 12%. The non-diabetic and diabetic groups of the THz spectra are spatially separated in the principal component space. Conclusion: We illustrate the potential ability in clinical medicine to construct a predictive rule by supervised learning algorithms after collecting enough experimental data.

Optical Properties of Crystalline Lactose Fluidized with Dilutions of Various Substances in the Terahertz Frequency Range

“…The sample's representativeness is justified by the presence of characteristics for two lactose anomers in the 0.2-2.6 THz frequency range, which are more noticeable than for THz spectra of thick tablets and tablets with a thickness of less than 1.1 mm. The THz spectra of optical properties of thin tablets (1.2-1.3 mm) were averaged for comparison and differentiation of various lactose compositions and normalized to their density [40]. The normalized spectra of the refractive indices of the formulations in the regions of normal dispersion and anomalous dispersion coincide with each other (see Figure 3a).…”

Nondestructive Evaluation of Thermal Barrier Coatings Thickness Using Terahertz Technique Combined with PCA–GA–ELM Algorithm

“…For example, due to the requirement of liquid couplants and the existence of edge effects, ultrasound waves are limited by sample size and volume; eddy current cannot act on dielectric materials; X-ray can do harm to human body and may cause defects inside TBCs; thermography technology is greatly affected by the depth and size of defects, which makes it unable to be applied in near surface defect; and the accuracy of the infrared thermal imaging technology changes with the change of coating thickness and the thermal conductivity [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Recently, terahertz (THz) NDT techniques have achieved remarkable things in the nondestructive testing field, such as integrated circuit packages, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic materials, composite materials, biomedicine, and biopharmaceuticals [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Compared with traditional DNT methods, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technology has the advantages of having strong penetrability and high accuracy while being non-contact, without coupling, and having low radiation impact on the human body and materials [26].…”

Terahertz Asymmetric S-Shaped Complementary Metasurface Biosensor for Glucose Concentration

“…It features about 4.14 meV photon energy at 1 THz, and hence it is completely safe for users. Interestingly, within the THz band, various biomolecules have shown clear spectral fingerprints [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Therefore, it enables label-free sensing for different analytes and samples [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”