Terahertz-to-Optical Conversion Using a Plasmonic Modulator

Ummethala, S.; Harter, T.; Köhnle, K.; Muehlbrandt, S.; Kutuvantavida, Y.; Kemal, J. N.; Schaefer, J.; Maßler, H.; Tessmann, A.; Garlapati, Suresh Kumar; Bacher, Andreas; Hahn, L.; Walther, M.; Zwick, Thomas; Randel, Sebastian; Freude, W.; Koos, C.

doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2018.stu3d.4

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The strong oscillations are related to the electrical back reflection from the device into the photodiode. The electro-optic bandwidth measurements are in good agreement with previous publications [20], [31].…”

Section: A Electro-optic Bandwidthsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The metallic waveguide is made of gold and additionally functions as contact electrodes. This enables small RC time constants and therefore an electro-optic bandwidth of more than 170 GHz [20], [31] Applying a voltage between the electrodes leads to a change of the refractive index of the organic electro-optic material due to the Pockels electro-optic effect. This results in phase modulation of the plasmonic mode.…”

Section: Plasmonic Organic Hybrid Modulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Equalization Needs of 100 GHz Bandwidth Plasmonic Modulators

Baeuerle

Heni

Hoessbacher

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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As bit rates of optical interconnects increase, a large amount of complicated signal conditioning is needed to compensate for the insufficient bandwidth of current modulators. In this paper, we evaluate the reduced equalization requirements of high-bandwidth plasmonic modulators in short-reach transmission experiments. It is shown that transmission of 100 Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and 112 Gbit/s pulse-amplitude modulation-4 over 1 km and 2 km distance is possible without any receiver equalization. At higher bit-rates, such as 120 Gbit/s NRZ, data transmission is demonstrated over 500 m with reduced receiver equalization requirements. Transmission up to 200 Gbit/s over 1 km is also shown with more complex receiver equalization. The reduced complexity of the receiver digital signal processing is attributed to a flat frequency response of at least 108 GHz of the plasmonic modulators. All single wavelength transmissions have been performed at 1540 nm in standard single mode fiber.

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Section: A Electro-optic Bandwidthsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Plasmonic Organic Hybrid Modulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Equalization Needs of 100 GHz Bandwidth Plasmonic Modulators

Baeuerle

Heni

Hoessbacher

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…As far as concerns O/THz conversion, UTC-PDs integrated with sub-THz waveguides are considered an established solution [82,94] but the opposite THz/O conversion is still an issue that needs reconsideration, as it requires modulators with electro-optic bandwidth well above 300 GHz, high power management, and very high linearity. Plasmonic modulators may at this point prove to be a viable solution, as they are characterized for their ultra-compact footprints [95] (10 s µm 2 ), ultra-low power consumption (2.8 fJ/bit at 100 GBd) [96], and flat frequency responses up to 170 GHz [97] and 325 GHz [98]. In [99], the experimental demonstration of a plasmonic MZ modulator with sub-THz frequency responses (up to 500 GHz), high power handling, and high linearity is described.…”

Section: Beyond 5g Network: Towards To Thz Band Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Lallas

2019

Applied Sciences

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Wireless data traffic has experienced an unprecedented boost in past years, and according to data traffic forecasts, within a decade, it is expected to compete sufficiently with wired broadband infrastructure. Therefore, the use of even higher carrier frequency bands in the THz range, via adoption of new technologies to equip future THz band wireless communication systems at the nanoscale is required, in order to accommodate a variety of applications, that would satisfy the ever increasing user demands of higher data rates. Certain wireless applications such as 5G and beyond communications, network on chip system architectures, and nanosensor networks, will no longer satisfy speed and latency demands with existing technologies and system architectures. Apart from conventional CMOS technology, and the already tested, still promising though, photonic technology, other technologies and materials such as plasmonics with graphene respectively, may offer a viable infrastructure solution on existing THz technology challenges. This survey paper is a thorough investigation on the current and beyond state of the art plasmonic system implementation for THz communications, by providing in-depth reference material, highlighting the fundamental aspects of plasmonic technology roles in future THz band wireless communication and THz wireless applications, that will define future demands coping with users' needs. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5488 2 of 34 communications, researchers have been focused on taking advantage of higher regions in the radio spectrum, pointing to the THz band communication and infrastructure, as a promising solution to equip 5G plus networks, thus enabling efficient operation of bandwidth hungry applications, that are not feasible at the moment with current infrastructure.Wireless NoC (WiNoC) [5] with its inherent broadcast capability, appears as a promising approach to overcome all abovementioned bottlenecks of ancestor technologies. Ultra small miniature sizes of plasmon based antennas and other nanolink components as well, with considerably much less wiring, are the desired features of this technology, in order to enable the integration of one or multiple antennas per core, paving the way for dense, scalable NoC schemes, as required by future applications. Graphene based WiNoCs (GWiNoCs) is probably the most updated promising approach for THz nanoscale wireless communications, and it is therefore considered to be the basis for implementing future on chip network architectures. Alternatively, hybrid optical wireless schemes, may be also proved to be a promising NoC solution [6], by combining the best assets of these two worlds: low loss dielectric waveguide media, and miniature sized plasmonic material oscillating at THz rates.Last, wireless nanosensor networks (WNSNs) is another established THz nanoscale application, with basic similarities as in WiNoCs, such as core to core or to memory communication, but also with other unique characteristic types of communication, mainly between nanosensors and nanomachin...

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“…This leads to the so-called plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) approach, which adopts nonlinear organic materials filled into a narrow, plasmonic metallic slot waveguide. The POH technology offers enhanced modulation efficiency and bandwidth [25], [26]: To this point successful high-speed modulation has been demonstrated on a few μm 2 -footprints [27]- [29] with high-speed data modulation of up to 200 Gbit/s [30] that can be related to a flat EO frequency response up to 325 GHz [31], [32] and a record low power consumption of as little as 2.8 fJ/bit at 100 Gbit/s [33]. While these demonstrations are very successful, organic materials encounter reservations by the industry as a CMOS compatible solution of thermally stable materials for low-cost mass-produced transmitter products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Ferroelectric Modulators

Messner

Eltes

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Integrated ferroelectric plasmonic modulators featuring large bandwidths, broad optical operation range, resilience to high temperature and ultracompact footprint are introduced. Measurements show a modulation bandwidth of 70 GHz and a temperature stability up to 250°C. Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulators with 10-µm-long phase shifters were operated at 116 Gbit/s PAM-4 and 72 Gbit/s NRZ. Wide and open eye diagrams with extinction ratios beyond 15 dB were found. The fast and robust devices are apt to an employment in industrial environments.

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Terahertz-to-Optical Conversion Using a Plasmonic Modulator

Abstract: We show a THz plasmonic modulator with flat frequency response from 40 MHz to 0.325 THz and employ it to demonstrate THz-to-optical conversion of a 30 Gbit/s signal on a 0.294 THz carrier.

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Reduced Equalization Needs of 100 GHz Bandwidth Plasmonic Modulators

Reduced Equalization Needs of 100 GHz Bandwidth Plasmonic Modulators

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Plasmonic Ferroelectric Modulators

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