Teratogenic effects of aflatoxin in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

El-Nahla, S. M.; Imam, H.; Moussa, E. A.; Ibrahim, Ahmed; Ghanam, Amr R.

doi:10.21608/jva.2013.45024

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Aflatoxin is a potent teratogen because of its ability to bind DNA and subsequently inhibit protein synthesis. Several studies have reported skeletal anomalies in the offspring of animals treated with aflatoxin during pregnancy 56,58–60. The doses of aflatoxin used in these animal experiments are similar to estimated exposures ranging from 0 to 91 μg AF/kg bw/day in human studies in Zimbabwe and China 61…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 69%

Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Smith

Prendergast

Turner

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Pregnant women and their developing fetuses are vulnerable to multiple environmental insults, including exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin that may contaminate as much as 25% of the world food supply. We reviewed and integrated findings from studies of aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy and evaluated potential links to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We identified 27 studies (10 human cross-sectional studies and 17 animal studies) assessing the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and adverse birth outcomes or anemia. Findings suggest that aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy may impair fetal growth. Only one human study investigated aflatoxin exposure and prematurity, and no studies investigated its relationship with pregnancy loss, but animal studies suggest aflatoxin exposure may increase risk for prematurity and pregnancy loss. The fetus could be affected by maternal aflatoxin exposure through direct toxicity as well as indirect toxicity, via maternal systemic inflammation, impaired placental growth, or elevation of placental cytokines. The cytotoxic and systemic effects of aflatoxin could plausibly mediate maternal anemia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal loss, and preterm birth. Given the widespread exposure to this toxin in developing countries, longitudinal studies in pregnant women are needed to provide stronger evidence for the role of aflatoxin in adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to explore biological mechanisms. Potential pathways for intervention to reduce aflatoxin exposure are urgently needed, and this might reduce the global burden of stillbirth, preterm birth, and low birthweight.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 69%

Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Smith

Prendergast

Turner

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Conversely, few studies have related high-aflatoxin exposure of pregnant women to stillbirth, while studies on the association of high aflatoxin intake by pregnant women with premature birth and foetal loss are either non conclusive [175] or lacking [174]. On the contrary, decrease in live birth and litter size, impairment of organ development, and skeletal anomalies in offspring have been demonstrated in animals given aflatoxins at daily doses ranging between 0 (nil) and 100 µg/kg bw, which was explained by the binding of aflatoxins to the DNA and the hindrance of protein synthesis [167,[176][177][178][179][180]. This view can be applied to humans, as aflatoxins bind to human DNA in the same way, but it remains to be clinically demonstrated.…”

Section: Teratogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Benkerroum

2020

IJERPH

350

214

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There are presently more than 18 known aflatoxins most of which have been insufficiently studied for their incidence, health-risk, and mechanisms of toxicity to allow effective intervention and control means that would significantly and sustainably reduce their incidence and adverse effects on health and economy. Among these, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been by far the most studied; yet, many aspects of the range and mechanisms of the diseases it causes remain to be elucidated. Its mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, and carcinogenicity—which are the best known—still suffer from limitations regarding the relative contribution of the oxidative stress and the reactive epoxide derivative (Aflatoxin-exo 8,9-epoxide) in the induction of the diseases, as well as its metabolic and synthesis pathways. Additionally, despite the well-established additive effects for carcinogenicity between AFB1 and other risk factors, e.g., hepatitis viruses B and C, and the hepatotoxic algal microcystins, the mechanisms of this synergy remain unclear. This study reviews the most recent advances in the field of the mechanisms of toxicity of aflatoxins and the adverse health effects that they cause in humans and animals.

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“…AFs are secondary metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus paraciticus, and Aspergillus nomius. AFs have immunosuppressive, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects in humans and in animals (Wong and Hsieh 1976;Williams et al 2004;Oswald et al 2005;El-Nahla et al 2013). Chronic exposure to AFs causes cancer, contributes to malnutrition and growth faltering in children, suppresses the immune system, and results in a number of disabilities (Gong et al 2004;Cotty and Jaime-Gracia 2007;Liu et al 2012;Magoha et al 2014;Shirima et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin-lysine adducts in blood serum of the Malawian rural population and aflatoxin contamination in foods (groundnuts, maize) in the corresponding areas

Anitha¹,

Monyo

Tsusaka³

et al. 2018

Mycotoxin Res

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Aflatoxin-lysine (AFB-lys) adduct levels in blood samples collected from 230 individuals living in three districts of Malawi (Kasungu, Mchinji, and Nkhotakota) and aflatoxin B (AFB) levels in groundnut and maize samples collected from their respective homesteads were determined using indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) methods. AFB-lys adducts were detected in 67% of blood samples, with a mean concentration of 20.5 ± 23.4 pg/mg of albumin. AFB was detected in 91% of groundnut samples and in 70% of maize samples, with mean AFB levels of 52.4 and 16.3 μg/kg, respectively. All participants of this study reported consuming maize on a daily basis and consuming groundnuts regularly (mean consumption frequency per week: 3.2 ± 1.7). According to regression analysis, a frequency of groundnut consumption of more than four times per week, being female, and being a farmer were significant (p < 0.05) contributors to elevated AFB-lys adduct levels in the blood. This is the first report on AFB-lys adducts in blood samples of residents in Malawi. The results reinforce the urgent need for interventions, aiming at a reduction of aflatoxin exposure of the population.

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Teratogenic effects of aflatoxin in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Abstract: Teratology of Aflatoxin in Rabbits El-Nahla et al.

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Aflatoxin-lysine adducts in blood serum of the Malawian rural population and aflatoxin contamination in foods (groundnuts, maize) in the corresponding areas

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