Teratogenic effects of bis‐diamine on the developing cardiac conduction system

Abstract

Bis-diamine disturbed the normal development of gap junctions and apoptosis of myofibroblasts around the HNK-1-positive conduction tissue through overall poor myocardial proliferation and growth.

Alterations in retinoic acid signaling affect the development of the mouse coronary vasculature

“…WIN, having been briefly investigated as a potential male contraceptive (Heller et al, 1961), was shown to be a potent inducer of congenital heart defects including coronary defects, yet, the cause for such defects remains poorly understood (Oster et al, 1974; Kilburn et al, 1982; Binder, 1985; Tasaka et al, 1991; Ito et al, 1992; Okishima et al, 1992; Kuribayashi and Roberts, 1993; Jackson et al, 1995; Nishijima et al, 2000; Okamoto et al, 2004; Fujino et al, 2005; Kise et al, 2005; Hanato et al, 2011). We found that administration of WIN between E9.5 and E13.5 dramatically reduced the amount of RA and alters RA-signaling in developing mouse embryos and their hearts (Wang et al, 2018).…”

Prenatal Zinc Deficiency: Influence on Heart Morphology and Distribution of Key Heart Proteins in a Rat Model

“…Interestingly, in our model of Zn deficiency, we show reduced HNK-1 expression in the heart, in regions that are in close proximity of certain components of the CCS (namely, the SAN and AVN). The interpretation of these results is challenging as HNK-1 has been used to probe both the NCC and the components of the CCS [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61].…”

“…In our work, we assessed Cx43 expression as an indicator of cardiac NCC populating the heart, whereas SMA staining was used to trace the abundance of NCC-derived smooth muscle cells [50][51][52]. We also determined the changes in HNK-1 staining distribution and intensity, as this sulfated carbohydrate epitope is also expressed by NCC; however, in the rats, HNK-1 has also been used as a probe for the components of the cardiac conduction system (CCS) as well [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. Finally, because they potentially may be influenced by Zn status, we monitored the expression of GATA-4 and FOG-2, two Zn-finger transcription factors that regulate the expression of a variety of structural and regulatory genes, critical for cardiac morphogenesis [62][63][64], but are not associated with cardiac NCC patterning and function.…”

New Insights into Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia – A Surgeon’s Introduction to CDH Animal Models

“…One is 4-biphenyl carboxylic acid (BPCA), a metabolite of AH23848, a thromboxane-A 2 receptor antagonist originally developed to inhibit platelet aggregation (35). Bisdiamine, or N,N ′ -octamethylenebis (dichloroacetamide), is a spermatogenesis inhibitor whose teratogenic effects in addition to CDH include cardiovascular anomalies (36). SB-210661, a benzofuranyl urea derivative developed by GlaxoSmithKline, is a potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor developed as an anti-inflammatory agent for coronary artery disease.…”